Objective: To determine the changes in “ocular surface” and “tear film” of patients who underwent phacoemulsification for senile cataract at Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad. Methodology: This study was conducted from 1-10-2022 to 31-12-2022. 66patients with senile cataract were selected for this study. After taking consent baseline features including age, gender, duration of cataract, was recorded were documented on the proforma. Preoperative and post-operative OSDI, TBUT, TMH and CFS at 1 and 4 weeks to assess changes in “ocular surface” and “tear film” were recorded. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: A total of 66eyes of 66 patients were made part of the study having a mean age of 65.32 ± 4.45 years. 77.3% of study participants were male while 22.7% were females. OSDI, TBUT, TMH and CFS were significantly effected (p-values of 0.000, 0.003, 0.000 and 0.000, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found in these parameters between male and female patients (p > 0.05). Overall frequency of patients who had OSDI ≥ 33, TBUT ≤ 10 seconds and TMH ≤ 0.3mm was 22% each while CFS was present in 19.7% of the patients. Conclusion: Phacoemulsification of senile cataract significantly effects the tear film and ocular surface, however, the change is a transient one. Key Words: Phacoemulsification, TBUT, Senile Cataract, CFS, OSDI.

Aims: The main purpose of this study was to find to assess the knowledge about STIs among community women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Rawalpindi. Methodology: This study was conducted taking 150 women through multistage, cluster randomization from January to June 2017 at Rawalpindi. The ethical committee of Sarhad University, Peshawar approved the study. A self-structured, pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analysis was done through SPSS® version 21. Results were generated in tables and graphs. Results: The mean ± SD age was 28.7 ± 9.5 years with a minimum of 19, maximum 49. Almost half of all women were age group 19-29 years & 82% were married. Eighty percent was the literacy while CPR was 53.7%. Knowledge about STIs was not sufficient (42%) yet most knew about mode of transmission of STIs (86.67%). Most women identified the factors which contribute to the spread of STIs; 97.33% said STIs are preventable while 92.67%. One third of all women had one or other STI but only 19 women knew about the disease they had. Conclusion and recommendations: Pakistan faces the persistent threat of STIs. Community women of reproductive age are at specific risk to a high risk of spread of STIs. Education, awareness and intervention at all levels by all stakeholders/ public and private are utmost required to stop STIs and their long standing complications. Key words: Sexually transmitted infections, STIs, Reproductive age, Knowledge.