A mechanical mulching of soils during planting seedlings is becoming popular due to the shortage of labor. Evaluation of the dual action equipment for mulching soils along with planting of vegetable seedlings has been undertaken for qualitative performance of operations and productivity. The device was evaluated in production conditions for receiving its operational indicators. The deviation from a longitudinal axis line of planting seedlings was 5 cm and depth of planting seedling was 12 cm. The average field capacity of the combined machine in planting seedlings of vegetables was about 0.405 ha/hr. The average forward speed of machine was 2.03 km/h and thus average quantity of the planted seedlings was 271 seedlings/min.
Увеличение срока хранения бахчевых культур является актуальной задачей в перерабатывающей промышленности. Производство консервированных продуктов позволяет значительно сократить потери сельскохозяйственного сырья, обеспечить круглогодичное снабжение населения плодоовощной продукцией в широком ассортименте. Задача консервирования – перевод нестойкого сырья в продукцию длительного хранения. Из продуктов переработки плодов дыни в настоящее время преобладает в основном вяленая дыня. В период удаления влаги из сырья основными факторами являются температура сушки, время выдержкии толщина долек мякоти плодов дыни. В данной работе исследуется влагосодержание мякоти плодов дыни при сушке от различных факторов методом планирования эксперимента в лабораторных установках. Поскольку интервал варьирования имеет небольшой отрезок факторов изменение влагосодержания материалов при апроксимации имеет линейный характер. Среди выбранных факторов температура влияет более эффктивно по сравнению с толщиной ломтиков и времени выдержки. Однако температурный режим сушки ограничивается по верхнему пределу из-за образования слоя корки, которая воздействует перемещения влаги. Построенную модель можно перенести при создании промышленного образца сушильной установки, учитывая безразмерные критерий, а так же следует оценить влаговыделение с помощью I-d диаграммы.
Polymeric materials are largely used in horticulture for mulching and irrigation, but their long degradation time causes various environmental and agronomic problems, hence should be removed at the end of the crop cycle. Among different mechanized techniques for collecting polymer residues from the field, the single-phase one is the most effective, since the plastic film and irrigation tape lifting, cleaning, and collection operations are done in a single pass, though, in most cases, the implements used in Kazakhstan still need an operator to manage the winding mechanism. The authors, who developed a completely automatic plastic retriever, based on a hydraulic drive with a friction clutch for winding up the plastic materials, assessed the power need of the implement, in order to compare it with the power need of similar implements, where the winding mechanism is hand-operated and consequently power consumption is high, due to the need to stop and start the engine many times. In this study the parameters of the hydraulic drive were determined by analytical calculation, starting from pressure and speed data measured on the hydraulic line and velocity and traction resistance of the implemented measured during the field tests. The maximum power need to drive the winding mechanisms resulted 1.86 kW at a forward speed of the unit of 1.8 m⋅s-1. Secondary the operation costs were broadly assessed, finding that they were about 43% less then when using man driven equipment.
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