The training periodization is not something trivial and simplistic, on the contrary, in addition to the technical and practical knowledge about the sport in question, it is essential for the coach to have a solid knowledge of the general principles that govern training. In this case, we can point out the principle of biological individuality, adaptation, overload, continuity, volume-intensity interdependence and specificity. Such principles should not be seen in isolation, instead, the coach should see the close relationship established in each of them throughout training. This requires a careful and intentional manipulation of these principles throughout the micro and mesocycles in the most varied phases and periods of the periodization macrocycle. This intervention, when assertive, will not only allow the evolution and maintenance of the athlete's performance, as well as help in the preservation of their physical well-being, which will have repercussions on their general state of health. Thus, this article aims, through a narrative review based on the classic literature of reference, to discuss the main concepts and principles of sports training.