No abstract

No Laboratório de Fisiologia do Desenvolvimento e Genética Vegetal do CCA-UFSC, nos anos de 1993 a 1996, foram testadas 24 combinações de tratamentos envolvendo dois genótipos de abacaxizeiro (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.), seis combinações dos fitorreguladores ácido naftalenoacético (ANA) e 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), e os meios de cultura líquidos e geleificados, com o objetivo de estabelecer um protocolo regenerativo para a micropropagação do abacaxizeiro. A taxa de regeneração comportou-se de forma quadrática para a maioria das combinações testadas. O meio de cultura MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962), líquido, adicionado de ANA (2,7 µM) e BAP (4,4 µM), proporcionou uma taxa média de regeneração de 19,7 brotos/explante. A magnitude do efeito genotípico exibido pelas cultivares utilizadas foi intermediária entre o efeito das combinações dos níveis de ANA e BAP (o maior) e o efeito da constituição física do meio de cultura. A melhor combinação de tratamentos foi testada em 17 acessos coletados no Estado de Santa Catarina, demonstrando-se a eficiência do protocolo regenerativo. A taxa média de regeneração foi de 15,3 brotos/explante, dos quais 40% apresentaram altura igual ou inferior a 3 cm. Brotos enraizados ou não, com altura igual ou superior a 3 cm, apresentaram valores médios de 95,5% de sobrevivência.

ResumoO presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a divergência genética entre 63 cultivares crioulas de feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) The results demonstrated that the most divergent cultivars were Carioca Pitoco and Jalo vermelho, whereas the most similar were Carioca Pitoco and Carioca. These results point out the existence of genetic variability in common bean cultivars used by farmers, and multivariate analysis methods demonstrated efficiency to detect them, separating the cultivars Carioca and Jalo in different groups. Therefore, in order to compose the interpopulation selection programs the Carnaval (33), Carioca Pitoco (16), Pérola (14) and Carnaval (27) cultivars are recommend because they are the most divergent ones and possess one of the best averages in productivity.

ABSTRACT. We estimated the genetic diversity of 49 accessions of the hot pepper species Capsicum chinensis through analyses of 12 physicochemical traits of the fruit, eight multi-categorical variables, and with 32 RAPD primers. Data from the physicochemical traits were submitted to analysis of variance to estimate the genetic parameters, and their means were clustered by the Scott-Knott test. The matrices from the individual and combined distance were estimated by multivariate analyses before applying Tocher's optimization method. All physicochemical traits were examined for genetic variability by analysis of variance. The responses of these traits showed more contribution from genetic than from environmental factors, except the percentage of dry biomass, content of soluble solids and vitamin C level. Total capsaicin had the greatest genetic divergence. Nine clusters were formed from the quantitative data based on the generalized distance of Mahalanobis, using Tocher's method; four were formed from the multi-categorical data using the Cole-Rodgers coefficient, and eight were formed from the molecular data using the Nei and Li coefficient. The accessions were distributed into 14 groups using Tocher's method, and no significant correlation between pungency and origin was detected. Uni-and multivariate analyses permitted the identification of marked genetic diversity and fruit attributes capable of being improved through breeding programs.

ABSTRACT. We estimated genetic gains for popcorn varieties using selection indexes in a fourth cycle of intrapopulation recurrent selection developed in the campus of the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense. Two hundred full-sib families were obtained from the popcorn population UNB-2U of the third recurrent selection cycle. The progenies were evaluated in a randomized block design with two replications at sites in two different environments: the Colégio Estadual Agrícola Antônio Sarlo, in Campos dos Goytacazes, and the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO-RIO), in Itaocara, both in the State of Rio de Janeiro. There were significant differences between families within sets in all traits, indicating genetic variability that could be exploited in future cycles. Thirty full-sib families were selected to continue the program. The selection indexes used to predict the gains were those of Mulamba and Mock, Smith and Hazel. The best results were obtained with the 341 ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 9 (1): 340-347 (2010) Recurrent selection in popcorn Mulamba and Mock index, which allowed the prediction of negative gains for the traits number of diseased ears and ears attacked by pests, number of broken plants and lodging, as well as ears with poor husk cover. It also provided higher gains for popping expansion and grain yield than with the other indexes, giving values of 10.55 and 8.50%, respectively, based on tentatively assigned random weights.