– Nadiem Makarim, the Minister of Education and Culture, released "Merdeka Belajar" (Freedom to Learn) as his revolutionary program by the end of 2019. It aims to make significant changes in the world of education. The current study aims to demonstrate the understanding of primary school teachers' understanding of the concept and implementation of Merdeka Belajar during Covid-19. Data were obtained through surveys via Google-Forms and in-depth interviews via WhatsApp with twenty primary school teachers at private and public schools around DKI Jakarta, Bogor, and Banten. In contrast, secondary data is obtained from previous research and online news directly related to this study. They were analyzed through restatement, description, and interpretation stages. The investigation resulted that the teachers having conceptually understood the program of Merdeka Belajar well. They agreed and accepted the program to reform and improve the education quality and the changes of times. The problem lies in the practical implementation due to the limited number of teacher movers in every school unit as creators, innovators, and role models for the other teachers. Besides, the lack of supporting infrastructure for online learning and the teachers' mastery of technology also hinder the program's success. Finally, this study recommended the need to socialize with the community, hold more teacher training, increase the number and distribution of teacher movers, and improve teachers' skills in using information and communication technology in the learning process.   Keywords: Merdeka Belajar, Teacher Mover, Online Learning, Covid-19

Dalihan Natolu is understood as the identity and rules that govern the social system and as a determining factor in the custom of Batak culture. There are several studies about the meaning and values of this philosophy. This article intended to search and to find the philosophical foundation of Dalihan Natolu. At the same time, this article also wants to show how is “the das sollen” and “das sein” of Dalihan Natolu in the recent time. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive-interpretative me­thod in the perspective of philosophy of phenomenology and library re­search. The results of this research shows that Dalihan Natolu is the mani­festation of the essence of life of the human being itself and the result of the search for the depth of the life of Batak Toba people. Dalihan Natolu is the manifestation of the nature of the Debata Natolu (Triune God). He be­comes the pillar and guarantor of a harmonious life of the entire order of the Toba Batak culture in order to pursue and reach happiness of life (das sollen). Unfortunately, there have been shifting and deviations of values and also perspective changing about the position of the three func­tional groups in Dalihan Na Tolu itself called Hula-hula, Dongan Sabu­tuha, and Boru (das sein).Keywords: Dalihan Na Tolu, Hula-hula, Dongan Sabutuha, BoruDalihan Natolu dipahami sebagai identitas dan pedoman hidup yang mengatur sistem kekerabatan serta menjadi faktor penentu dalam adat budaya Batak. Tulisan ini memiliki dua tujuan yaitu: mencari dan mene­mu­kan landasan filosofis Dalihan Natolu; dan menampilkan bagai­mana “das sollen” dan “das sein” Dalihan Natolu di zaman “now”. Metode pe­ne­litian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif-interpretatif dalam pers­­pektif filsafat fenomenologi dan penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil pene­litian menunjukkan bahwa Dalihan Natolu merupakan perwujudan hakikat hidup manusia itu sendiri dan merupakan hasil pencarian makna hidup suku Batak Toba. Dalihan Natolu merupakan perwujudan dari hakikat De­bata Natolu (Allah yang tiga). Dia menjadi tiang penyangga dan pen­jamin menuju kehidupan yang harmonis. Namun demikian telah terjadi pergeser­an, penyimpangan nilai serta perubahan cara pandang akan posisi kedu­du­kan ketiga golongan fungsional yang ada dalam Dalihan Natolu, yaitu Hula-hula, Dongan Sabutuha, dan Boru.Kata kunci: Dalihan Na Tolu, Hula-hula, Dongan Sabutuha, Boru

Online learning policies serving as the answer to the world of education during the COVID-19 pandemic period raise some problems to students. They find it difficult to understand learning materials because the teacher's explanation is very limited, so many tasks and teachers cannot supervise the students. As a result, students are quickly getting bored with learning activities at home, they cannot directly meet their classmates; and this condition is getting worse due to the fact that their homes are less supportive to their learning activities. This research is aimed at studying the State Madrasah Tsanawiyah Students’ experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic era from March to July 2020. A descriptive qualitative analysis method was employed. The primary data were obtained from the results of observations and open questionnnaires sent to 42 the madrasah tsanawiyah students from Sidoarjo, Malang, Yogyakarta, Jakarta, Aceh, and Padang Panjang. The secondary data were taken from online news about the distance learning. It was found that the distance learning for madrasah tsanawiyah students was troublesome experiences due to inadequate facility and infrastructures in the internet quota, smart phones, laptops, and also unsupporting home environment and improper the teaching techniques. However, some students were happy with this distance learning because it may give them new experiences, learning with a laptop or a mobile phone is exciting, it may improve the literacy in technology, it is flexible in terms of time, and it is not necessary for them to go to schools. It is recommended that the government improve the quality of the internet services, give more internet assistance quota, and hold training for the teachers on online learning.

Academic moralization, which has been internalized through educational institutions with teacher supervision at schools, now falls into a decline in line with the implementation of distance education due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This article aims to show that an educational system that does not offer in-person teaching leads to students ignoring the values of academic morality, such as plagiarism, discipline, and responsibility. This article employs a qualitative descriptive method by relying on online news mapping data as a secondary source and verified data from interviews with elementary school students as the primary source. The results of this study indicate that online education as a learning solution during the pandemic has caused students to plagiarize, cheat, rely on others to complete their tasks, and lose an overall sense of discipline and responsibility. This study suggests a new direction of moral education that does not only rely on teacher supervision but rather builds the wisdom of students' independence upon learning.

The general goal is not only to map the forms of difficulties in online learning, but also to analyze the reasons for the delegitimization of teacher. The specific purposes of this study are: (1) Delegitimization of teachers due to online learning, (2) The teacher's response to the pandemic condition, and (3) the implications of delegitimization on the teacher's life. This study used qualitative methods to explore primary and secondary data sources. The results of this study show (1) the occurrence of online learning difficulties as a form of delegitimization of teacher; (2) the occurrence of difficulties in establishing communication patterns, allocation of free time, innovation of activities that have a positive effect; and (3) there is a loss of identity, and teacher commitment in overcoming the difficulties of online learning. This paper concludes that there has been a delegitimization of teachers in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.   Keywords: Deligimation, Leadership, Difficulties, Online Learning, COVID-19 Pandemic