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CONTEXT/BACKGROUND: The detection rate of renal masses has increased in the last decades owing to the widespread use of CT and MRI. [1] Therefore, an accurate characterization of renal masses is essential to ensure appropriate case management. This study was done to evaluate and characterize renal masses on CT for early and prompt management. AIMS: To detect the presence of solid renal masses on CT and to characterize them into benign and malignant masses with histopathological correlation. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of CT in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A prospective study of 60 subjects was carried out from those referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis for CT evaluation and characterization of renal masses after being clinically suspected or incidentally detected on other imaging studies. METHODS AND MATERIAL:The patients were subjected to contrast enhanced helical CT. The CT findings were correlated with the surgical or histological findings or the therapeutic response in the case of inflammatory lesions. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: It was done using sensitivity, specificity positive predictive value and negative predictive value. CT diagnosis was compared with histopathological diagnosis, which was considered as the gold standard. RESULTS: Neoplastic lesions were observed in 42 cases (70%) cases and inflammatory lesions in 9 cases (15%). Renal cell carcinoma was observed in 27 cases, Wilm's tumour in 6, oncocytoma in 3 cases and angiomyolipoma in 6 patients. The inflammatory renal lesions observed were focal pyelonephritis in 4, renal abscesses in 4 and emphysematous pyelonephritis in 1. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that contrast enhanced spiral CT is sensitive as well as specific not only to diagnose neoplastic renal mass lesions but also to diagnose other non-neoplastic renal mass lesions. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:Aditi H. Dongre, Varsha P. Rangankar , Hariqbal Singh. "CT Evaluation and Characterization of Renal

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