No abstract

In this study, a novel four‐element multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna having quad‐band characteristics is proposed. A coplanar waveguide‐fed monopole is loaded with a split‐ring resonator and an inter‐digital capacitor to achieve miniaturisation and quad‐band operation. These quad‐band elements are arranged properly to implement a four‐element MIMO configuration which provides both spatial and pattern diversities. The achieved isolation performance is better than 20 dB. Measurement results confirm that the proposed MIMO antenna operates at 1.95, 2.39, 2.64 and 3.27 GHz with impedance bandwidths of 2.66, 6.57, 8.8 and 4.09%, respectively. The proposed antenna exhibits quasi‐monopolar radiation pattern and measured envelope correlation coefficient <0.01 is obtained in all the operating bands. The proposed antenna can be useful for MIMO applications in global system of mobile/Bluetooth/wireless local area network/worldwide interoperability for microwave access operating bands.

No abstract

A ten‐element multi‐antenna terminal for massive multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) in the fifth‐generation (5G) sub‐6 GHz with wide impedance bandwidth (IBW) is proposed. A grounded coplanar waveguide is employed to feed an inverted‐F stub coupled to a hybrid loop antenna element. Through tuning, the multiple resonant modes are combined so that a wide IBW is achieved. Antenna element sites are selected along the periphery of the typical smartphone back plane of size 120thinmathspacemm×70thinmathspacemm. To improve the diversity performance, two elements are placed along the horizontal edge orthogonal to the rest of elements placed along the vertical side. The prototype of the antenna is fabricated and measured exhibiting a wide IBW of (|Sii|≤−6 dB) 63% centred around 4.68 GHz. The minimum measured isolation achieved is 18 dB. The maximum simulated envelope correlation coefficient is found to be ∼0.21 and while the minimum antenna efficiency is 78.4%. Each element has a form factor of 17.2×3.8thinmathspacemm2false(0.018λg2false) and printed on a 1.52 mm thick Rogers 4003 substrate with ϵr=3.38 and tanthinmathspaceδ=0.0027. The proposed multi‐antenna terminal is suitable for 5G sub‐6 GHz (3.2–6.1 GHz) communication including long‐term evolution bands 42, 43 and 46.

No abstract