Viral quasispecies are distinct but closely related mutants formed by the disparity in viral genomes due to recombination, mutations, competition, and selection pressure. Theoretical derivation for the origin of a quasispecies is owed to the error-prone replication by polymerase and mutants of RNA replicators. Here, we briefly addressed the theoretical and mathematical origin of quasispecies and their dynamics. The impact of quasispecies for major salient human pathogens is reviewed. In the current global scenario, rapid changes in geographical landscapes favor the origin and selection of mutants. It comes as no surprise that a cauldron of mutants poses a significant risk to public health, capable of causing pandemics. Mutation rates in RNA viruses are magnitudes higher than in DNA organisms, explaining their enhanced virulence and evolvability. RNA viruses cause the most devastating pandemics; for example, members of the Orthomyxoviridae family caused the great influenza pandemic (1918 flu or Spanish flu), the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) outbreak, and the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), lentiviruses of the Retroviridae family, caused worldwide devastation. Rapidly evolving RNA virus populations are a daunting challenge for the designing of effective control measures like vaccines. Developing awareness of the evolutionary dispositions of RNA viral mutant spectra and what influences their adaptation and virulence will help curtail outbreaks of past and future pathogens.

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Biodiesel from plants can compete economically with petroleum diesel fuels as a future prospective fuel. The bio-oil was extracted from the plant of Aloe barbadensis by soxhlet extractor using hexane as an organic solvent, and then further, the oil was analyzed for moisture content, pH, specific gravity, density, viscosity, saponification value, refractive index, peroxide value, acid number, free fatty acid, and iodine value. The results showed that four major fatty acids, like nonadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and octadecenoic acid were present in the bio-oil of Aloe barbadensis and characterized by GC-MS, which showed that the bio-oil could be used for producing high quality of biodiesel. In furture studies, converted crude biooil into biodiesel using hetergenous catalyst will be anlaysed for their engine characteristic studies.

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