Dermatoglyphics have been utilized as models for the diagnosis of vast genetic conditions due to their relationship with the genetic make-up of an individual. However, little studies have been conducted worldwide trying to ascertain the relationship between dermatoglyphics and sickle cell anaemia. Therefore, the present study aimed at generating baseline data to elucidate the possible diagnostic value of dermatoglyphics for earlier detection and screening of Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) in Ghana. A total of 400 participants including 200 SCA patients from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and 200 control group (CG) from KNUST were recruited for this study. The palmprints and fingerprints of the participants were taken and the sickling status of the control group was determined. Distribution of the three major fingerprint patterns, PIC patterns, ATD angle and total finger ridge count (TFRC) were determined. Loop dominated in both the SCA and control groups followed by whorl and arch. PIC 300 dominated in the SCA group while PIC 310 dominated in the control group, this was statistically significant. Also, the study recorded 5 unreported PIC’s (PIC 400, PIC 410, PIC 430, PIC 500 and PIC 510) in the Ghanaian population. The SCA group recorded a mean ATD angle of 43.62o while the control group recorded 41.61o, this was statistically significant. The SCA group recorded a mean TFRC of 67.17 while the control group recorded 78.49. The results of the present study have shown that, there is a relationship between dermatoglyphics and SCA and this will serve as a reliable indicator for earlier detection and screening of sickle cell anaemia especially in neonates. KEY WORDS: Dermatoglyphics, sickle cell anaemia, Ghana.
Flatfoot (pes planus), commonest foot deformity caused by the absence or collapse of the medial longitudinal arch. Flatfoot results in serious health problems and postural defects. It is highly variable in different populations with many factors associated. This study was conducted to find the plantar arch index and the prevalence of flatfoot and its relationship with tribes in Ghana. A total of 278 participants (172 males and 106 females) with ages ranging from 16 to 34 years were recruited for the study. Ethical approval and participants’ informed consent were sought prior to the study. Participants were drawn from the Akan, Ewe, Ga-Dangbe and other tribes (Dagomba, Dagabaa, Frafra, Gonja, Wale Wale etc). Foot imprints were taken from each participant using the ink method. The plantar arch index was calculated using the ratio of the width of the central and the heel region of the footprint. The mean right plantar arch index was higher than the left. The prevalence of flatfoot was 15.1% (6.1% unilateral left, 5.8% unilateral right and 3.2% bilateral). The prevalence rate was 15.7% in males and 14.1% in females. The prevalence rates reported for the Ga-Dangbes and Ewes were 30.8% and 23.6% respectively. On the other hand, both Akans and individuals belonging to the other tribes recorded the same prevalence rate of 13.7%. Flatfoot was found to be high among the Ga-Dangbes. Ethnicity as an external factor has a great role in influencing foot arch structure. Also, sex has an influence on the morphology of an individual’s foot. KEY WORDS: Flatfoot, Pes planus, Foot deformity, Medial Longitudinal Arch.
Essential hypertension falls in the category of hypertension that has no identifiable cause and affects 90-95% of hypertensive patients. Several studies have utilize dermatoglyphics as models for preliminary diagnosing diseases with genetic and non-genetic origins. However, little studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between dermatoglyphics and essential hypertension. The aim of the study was to generate detailed baseline data on the relationship between dermatoglyphic patterns and essential hypertensive to serve as a preliminary non-invasive diagnostic tool. A total of 400 participants out of which 200 were clinically diagnosed essential hypertensive patients from the Hypertensive Unit of Mampong Government Hospital (Ghana) and 200 clinically confirmed normotensive individuals were recruited for the present study. The fingerprints and palm prints of the participants were taken using a CanonScan Lide 120 colour image scanner which was connected to a Hp laptop. For the distribution of the sub-types of fingerprint patterns, ulnar loop dominated in both groups with the control group recording the highest. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Significant difference was recorded between the two groups for the palmar ATD angle for both palms with the control group recording the highest. For the PIC patterns, PIC 300 and 310 dominated in both groups. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The results of the present study have shown that, there is some relationship between dermatoglyphics and essential hypertension. This will serve as a preliminary diagnostic tool for the earlier diagnosis of the disease. KEY WORDS: Dermatoglyphics, Essential Hypertension, ATD angle, PIC pattern.
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