Because arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been shown to induce concentration increases of pharmaceutically useful phytochemicals in some Brazilian semi-arid native plants, the current study examined whether mycorrhizal inoculation increased the production of bioactive compounds, especially gallic acid, in field grown Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz plants. Seedlings were inoculated with Claroideoglomus etunicatum (W.N. Becker & Gerd.) C. Walker & A. Schüßler, Acaulospora longula Spain & N. C. Schenck, Gigaspora albida N. C. Schenck & G. S. Sm. or non-inoculated (control) and, seven months after transplanting, examined for growth parameters, chlorophyll, phenols, tannins and gallic acid concentrations, mycorrhizal colonization and rhizosphere AMF spore density. Plants inoculated with C. etunicatum had 21% higher gallic acid concentrations than control plants while those inoculated with G. albida had higher total chlorophyll concentrations. Mycorrhizal technology employing C. etunicatum can constitute an alternative to increase gallic acid production in field grown L. ferrea plants.
Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz is a medicinal plant widely known in Brazil as "jucá" or "pauferro" that belongs to the Fabaceae family. The species is native to Brazil and is mainly found in the North and Northeastern regions. It has been studied for its biological activities and chemical composition. Scientific literature has reported that this species contains different extracts and/or isolated compounds which have antimicrobial, anti-inflamatory, analgesic, antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties, as well as others that are in popular use. The phytochemical literature reports on the presence of fatty acids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds and polysaccharides. However, further studies are necessary to find new bioactive molecules with biological relevance based on traditional medicine. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad and updated overview about the relevance of Libidibia ferrea species in regard to general aspects, traditional medicines, biological activities and chemical composition data.
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