Abstract-In the last decade, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have emerged as a major next generation wireless networking technology. However, MANETs are vulnerable to various attacks at all layers, including in particular the network layer, because the design of most MANET routing protocols assumes that there is no malicious intruder node in the network. In this paper, we present a survey of the main types of attack at the network layer, and we then review intrusion detection and protection mechanisms that have been proposed in the literature. We classify these mechanisms as either point detection algorithms that deal with a single type of attack, or as intrusion detection systems (IDSs) that can deal with a range of attacks. A comparison of the proposed protection mechanisms is also included in this paper. Finally, we identify areas where further research could focus.Index Terms-Intrusion detection and prevention, mobile ad hoc networks, network layer attacks, securing ad hoc networks.

Blockchain is a revolutionary technology that is making a great impact on modern society due to its transparency, decentralization, and security properties. Blockchain gained considerable attention due to its very first application of Cryptocurrencies e.g., Bitcoin. In the near future, Blockchain technology is determined to transform the way we live, interact, and perform businesses. Recently, academics, industrialists, and researchers are aggressively investigating different aspects of Blockchain as an emerging technology. Unlike other Blockchain surveys focusing on either its applications, challenges, characteristics, or security, we present a comprehensive survey of Blockchain technology's evolution, architecture, development frameworks, and security issues. We also present a comparative analysis of frameworks, classification of consensus algorithms, and analysis of security risks & cryptographic primitives that have been used in the Blockchain so far. Finally, this paper elaborates on key future directions, novel use cases and open research challenges, which could be explored by researchers to make further advances in this field.

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In the past few years, the implementation of blockchain technology for various applications has been widely discussed in the research community and the industry. There are sufficient number of articles that discuss the possibility of applying blockchain technology in various areas, such as, healthcare, IoT, and business. However, in this article, we present a comparative analysis of core blockchain architecture, its fundamental concepts, and its applications in three major areas: the Internet-of-Things (IoT), healthcare, business and vehicular industry. For each area, we discuss in detail, challenges and solutions that have been proposed from the research community and industry. This research studies also presented the complete ecosystem of blockchain of all the papers we reviewed and summarized. Moreover, analysis is performed of various blockchain platforms, their consensus models, and applications. Finally, we discuss key aspects that are required for the widespread future adoption of blockchain technology in these major areas. INDEX TERMS Blockchain, IoT blockchain, healthcare blockchain, permissioned blockchain, business blockchain.

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are well known to be vulnerable to various attacks, due to features such as lack of centralized control, dynamic topology, limited physical security and energy constrained operations. In this paper we focus on preventing denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. As an example, we consider intruders that can cause DoS by exploiting the route discovery procedure of reactive routing protocols. We show the unsuitability of tools such as control chart, used in statistical process control (SPC), to detect DoS and propose an anomaly-based intrusion detection system that uses a combination of chi-square test & control chart to first detect intrusion and then identify an intruder. When the intruder is isolated from the network we show reduced overhead and increased throughput. Simulation results show that AIDP performs well at an affordable processing overhead over the range of scenarios tested.