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In this paper, a grid connected wind farm with a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is modeled in Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) environment to analyze its dynamic and transient characteristics in real system. This work is also a part of future power hardware-in-loop (PHIL) test and therefore, individual components are models considering practical viewpoints. Wind turbines and generators of a wind farm, power grid, and control system are realized in the large time-step main network. However, 2-level voltage source converter based STATCOM is modeled in RTDS small time-step environment to adapt with higher switching frequency, where interface transformer is used to link the different time step subnetworks. Suitable control strategy for STATCOM is developed to augment the stability of wind farm considering that capacitor connected at the terminal of wind generator is reduced up to certain percentage. Option for integrating anemometer for dynamic characteristics analysis, difficulties of STATCOM switching schemes for implementing PHIL testing in RTDS environment are discussed. Results are compared with Laboratory standard power system software PSCAD/EMTDC and the advantages of using RTDS in dynamic and transient characteristics analyses of wind farm are also demonstrated clearly.

This is the author's version of an article published in Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. Changes were made to this version by the publisher prior to publication.

This paper models the performance of lead acid batteries operating in battery energy storage systems (BESS) for renewable energy applications. The considered system consists of a permanent magnet generator based wind turbine interfaced to the grid through fully rated converters. A battery energy storage system, interfaced to the grid via STATCOM is used for active power smoothing. A low power experimental BESS is interfaced to the system model. Two battery models, a simple-and a detailed-one, are implemented and verified against experimental data. A simple experimental test is proposed for measuring the battery internal resistance. The salient feature of this paper is the examination of the battery terminal voltage variation for the non-regular current profiles requested from the battery bank in renewable energy.

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