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Marginalisation occurs when a group of people are pushed to the periphery of a society. Many Mäori reside at the margins of 'mainstream' society, while others are at the margins of Mäori society. The present paper explores how 'by Mäori, for Mäori' research and evaluation can create spaces for voices from the margins to be heard. The paper arose out of a series of hui in which papers on the notion of marginalisation and Mäori were presented and discussed, along with the broader topic of research ethics and protocols. Three themes that emerged from these hui are considered in this paper: relationships between researchers and participants/communities, researchers knowing themselves, and the safety aspects inherent within tikanga. The discussion of these themes draws upon the papers that were written for this project, the feedback from hui participants (researchers, students, health professionals, government workers, community providers), and local and international literature on research 'by and with' indigenous peoples. In making the 'knowing' we hold about these issues more explicit, this paper aims to generate more discussion as well as providing some small guidance for those who may be new to this thing called 'research'.

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