Plasma cellular osteomyelitis is a chronic and recurrent non purulent bone inflammatory entity charactererized by abundance of plasma cells in the lesional bone. Is a recurrent, unifocal or multifocal disorder, which has an unknown etiology with clinical and radiographic features that may make it impossible to distinguish from other non-suppurative sclerosing osteomyelitis. This rare condition usually occurs in metaphysis of a long bone of children or young adults. We report a case of PCO in a 64-year-old woman with intermittent diffused pain in the hallux of the left foot after several nail avulsions and two surgical procedures on the distal phalanx. The histological study of the bone sample showed reactive sclerotic bone with plasma cells compatible with PCO. In spite of its infectious origin, as in the present case the causal agent is not always identified. Owing to rarity of entity, a clinical diagnosis is usually not considered and a histopathological examination is essential to establish of a definitive diagnosis.

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Tenosynovial giant cell tumor is the common term used to describe a group of soft-tissue tumors that share a common etiologic link. These tumors are relatively infrequent in the foot and ankle, and occasionally they may be the cause of destruction of the adjacent bone structures. We report the imaging appearance and pathologic findings of two patients with localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the forefoot. Both of these patients underwent surgical gross total resection. However, one of the patients experienced a recurrence. Their clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features, with their treatment protocol, are summarized retrospectively, and related literature is reviewed in an attempt to enhance the understanding of these tumor lesions. Clinicians should perform a careful preoperative and postoperative examination and complete tumor surgical resection with the aim of reducing local recurrence.

Epidermoid cysts of the sole of the foot are rare lesions that must be differentiated from other, more common subcutaneous pathologic abnormalities located on the sole. Cases of epidermoid cysts that extend to the interosseous musculature are rarer still. We report the case of a giant epidermal cyst in a 64-year-old individual that extended to the intrinsic musculature of the third space of the right foot and that was diagnosed after fine-needle aspiration biopsy and subsequent cytologic study. Differential diagnosis of these lesions should be made with the support of additional imaging tests, and diagnostic confirmation should always be obtained after surgical removal and subsequent histopathologic study.

Background: Some studies have recommended combining germinal matrix excision with phenol ablation in the treatment of onychocryptosis. Matrixectomy after phenolization has been shown to be an effective modification to reduce the drawbacks associated with phenolization alone, although it increases the risk of minor postoperative bleeding. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of gelatin sponges as hemostatic agents in partial matrixectomy after phenolization. Methods: A comparative clinical trial in parallel groups was designed in 74 halluces (44 patients) with stage I, II, and III onychocryptosis. All participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group A (control group), Group B (conventional gelatin sponge), and Group C (high porosity gelatin sponge). Results: The quantified mean blood loss in the first 48 h after surgery in patients in both experimental groups was significantly lower compared to the control group. The lowest mean blood loss was recorded in Group C (p < 0.001) and followed by Group B (p = 0.005). No adverse effects were recorded in any of the patients included in the experimental groups. Conclusions: Hemostatic gelatin sponges were demonstrated to be effective and safe devices for the control of minor postoperative bleeding associated with matrixectomy after segmental phenolization.