Williams-Campbell syndrome is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by the absence of cartilage in subsegmental bronchi leading to formation of bronchiectasis distal to the affected bronchi. The differential diagnosis of bronchiectasis is broad and the rarity of the disease poses a diagnostic and management challenge for clinicians. This present review aims to help the understanding of the clinical manifestations, pathophysiological features, diagnostic modalities, management and differential diagnosis of Williams-Campbell syndrome. A MedLine/PubMed search was performed identifying all relevant articles. No restrictions were used for publication dates. The author used the keywords “Williams-Campbell syndrome,” “non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis” and “congenital bronchiectasis” finding 503, 195 and 489 articles, respectively.

Context:Ventricular standstill (VS) is an uncommon electrophysiological phenomenon and usually manifests as syncope. Rarely has a case been reported where the patient has been totally asymptomatic, and it has resolved spontaneously.Case Report:We report a case of complete VS and high-degree atrioventricular (AV) block in a 50-year-old female, who was admitted for nausea, vomiting, and chest pain. The patient never had a syncopal episode, even though she was in VS for more than 10 s.Conclusion:Such degree of conduction abnormality without any syncope has not been reported so far. Her electrophysiological abnormality was attributed to profound vagotonic effect and was treated with a permanent pacemaker.

Transudative chylothorax is a rare type of pleural effusion. It has been described to be present in the setting of liver cirrhosis, heart failure, amyloidosis, nephrotic syndrome, superior vena cava thrombosis, sclerosing mesenteritis and heart failure.We present the case of an 86-year-old woman with a right-side transudative chylothorax associated with heart failure and lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Context:Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) primarily involving the orbit, is relatively uncommon. Rarely two pathologically different NHL cell types have been found to be coexistent.Case Report:We report a case of orbital lymphoma in a 62-year-old male with rare histopathological findings secondary to transformation of once cell type into another. Tissue diagnosis and molecular studies led to revelation of diffuse large B cell lymphoma evolving from MALT lymphoma.Conclusion:Proliferation of two morphologically and phenotypically different B cells resulting in malignancy has not been found in the orbit so far. They are usually aggressive tumors and require chemo-immunotherapy.