A 3-dimensional (3D) model of the female pelvis was created using the 2-dimensional dataset of the "Visible Human Project" and modern imaging techniques (IrfanView, Sante DICOM Editor 6, 3D Slicer) to augment traditional anatomic learning for students and doctors. Using the segmentation tools in the 3D Slicer, the female pelvis was segmented, utilizing the 0.3-mm thick image slices, into 98 unique anatomic models. These models were further divided into different subsets, that is, bones, organs, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. The resulting models were exported into a 3D model viewer using Unity (Figure 1) and a 3D PDF using Adobe Acrobat DC (Figure 2). The complete model is demonstrated on the following hyperlink: https://3dpics. study/femalepelvis/. This unique model of the pelvis can be studied by rotating, tilting, zooming in or out, and viewing individual subsets separately (Figures 3 and 4). The chosen formats (hyperlink, PDF) are in open access and available to any users wishing to better understand the complex anatomy of the female pelvis.
(1) Background: Basic vital signs change during normal pregnancy as they reflect the adaptation of maternal physiology. Electronic wearables like fitness bracelets have the potential to provide vital signs continuously in the home environment of pregnant women. (2) Methods: We performed a prospective observational study from November 2019 to November 2020 including healthy pregnant women, who recorded their wrist skin temperature, heart rate, heart rate variability, and breathing rate using an electronic wearable. In addition, eight emotions were assessed weekly using five-point Likert scales. Descriptive statistics and a multivariate model were applied to correlate the physiological parameters with maternal emotions. (3) Results: We analyzed data from 23 women using the electronic wearable during pregnancy. We calculated standard curves for each physiological parameter, which partially differed from the literature. We showed a significant association of several emotions like feeling stressed, tired, or happy with the course of physiological parameters. (4) Conclusions: Our data indicate that electronic wearables are helpful for closely observing vital signs in pregnancy and to establish modern curves for the physiological course of these parameters. In addition to physiological adaptation mechanisms and pregnancy disorders, emotions have the potential to influence the course of physiological parameters in pregnancy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.