The production of biofertilizers from rocks is an economic process that increases nutrients for plant nutrition and reduces environmental pollution. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the bioprotector from phosphate and potassium rocks mixed with an earthworm compound inoculated with free-living diazotrophic bacteria (Beijerinckia indica) and fungus containing chitosan (Cunninghamella elegans) on the characteristics of tomatoes, peppers and green peppers inoculated and noninoculated with the wilt bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum. The fertilization treatments were: bioprotector applied at the 50% recommended rate -RR (NPKP 50 ), 100% RR (NPKP 100 ) and 150% RR (NPKP 150 ); soluble fertilizers applied alone at the recommended rate RR (NPKF 100 ), with antibiotic (NPKF 100 +ant) and with crustaceous chitosan (NPKF 100 +C). A control treatment with earthworm compound (20 t ha -1 ) was used for comparative purposes. The best results for all horticultural plants were obtained with the bioprotector (NPKP) applied at the highest rate (150% RR) and with the soluble fertilizer (NPKF) at the recommended rate for plants not inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum. With regard to the effect of the bioprotector in the control of Ralstonia solanacearum, a different response for the horticultural crops with peppers revealed normal growth when inoculated with the pathogenic bacteria, and all of the tomato plants with soluble fertilizer alone died after pathogen addition. Soluble fertilizer with the addition of antibiotic and crustaceous chitosan protected green peppers and peppers against R. solanacearum, particularly when using chitosan. The bioprotector (NPKP) appears to be an alternative to soluble fertilizer.

Silvopastoral systems based on tree legumes intercropped with forage grasses can harbor a high diversity of rhizobia, and these bacteria are good indicators of soil quality in several management systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphophysiological, genetic and symbiotic diversity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] rhizobia from soils under silvopastoral systems based on shrub-tree legumes. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with three treatments and three replications, consisting of signalgrass (Urochloa decumbens Stapf.) intercropped with sabia (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia); signalgrass intercropped with gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) and single signalgrass. The samples were collected in the legume row (0 meter) and 4 and 8 meters away.Later, cowpea was used as a trap plant to capture the rhizobia. All strains were phenotypically characterized, authenticated, and genetically identified. Phenotypical characterization of the 431 isolates showed high diversity forming 69 groups at 100% similarity, of which 60 were able to nodulate cowpea during the authentication, and 36 presented relative efficiency superior or equal to the recommended bacteria for the crop. Most of the sequenced strains belonged to Bradyrhizobium (67%) and Methylobacterium (9%). Leifsonia (9%), Cohnella (6%), Rhizobium (3%), Burkholderia (3%), and Paenibacillus (3%) were also represented. Soils under silvopastoral systems harbor efficient rhizobia populations in cowpea with a high genetic diversity, which can be recommended for agronomic efficiency assays.