Pleurotus ostreatus is a saprophytic fungus that grows mainly on living or dead lignocellulose substrates, poor in nutrients and with low levels of minerals and vitamins. The propagation of this organism requires lignocellulose substrates. This fungus is edible with important functional properties. Because the population of trees located in the gardens of the Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas generates a considerable amount of organic waste, these can be used as raw material for the cultivation of fungi. Two crops of the mushrooms were carried out in different substrates, the first from leaves of benjamina (Ficus benjamina) and the second was a combination of fig leaves (Ficus carica) and capulín (Prunus serotina). The edible mushrooms obtained from the crops were dehydrated by convection of hot air at 50°C for 24 hours, then ground and stored for disposal in the integration of edible paste formulations. This food has become a staple food because of its variety in processing and consumption, however, its protein content can be low and of poor quality; therefore, it is necessary to incorporate other sources of protein of better quality without altering eating habits or organoleptic characteristics. In this work we studied the nutritional composition and consumer acceptance that results with the addition of mushroom flour in the production of fettuccine pasta. Addition levels were 10% and 20% mushroom meal (hs), the chemical composition (raw protein, carbohydrates, fiber, fat and ash) of both formulations was analyzed based on the aoac (2000). The results indicated a considerable increase in the percentage compositions of fiber and protein when 20% hs was added to the fettuccine pasta formulation with respect to the reported sample without the addition of the mushrooms. In addition, the taste levels perceived by the sensory judges, for the attributes of smell and taste, were also high when 20% hs was incorporated with respect to the fettuccine control paste. This proposal can be considered useful for the preservation of mushrooms, since when dehydrated, despite the low yields, it can become an apt and versatile condiment, because it increases the nutritional components and improves the sensory properties of this type of food, without downplay the sustainable use of waste from plants in university gardens.

RESUMEN:: A partir de evidencia etnográfica actual así como de tres tipos de análisis (paleoetnobotánico, nutricional y lingüístico) se muestra la importancia cultural de las inflorescencias de las palmas pacay(a) y chapay(a) con fines comestibles en Chiapas, México. Los resultados del análisis paleoetnobotánico indican la presencia de fitolitos tipo PALMAE recuperados del sedimento del depósito del palacio de Chinikihá, en las cercanías de Palenque. El análisis del contenido nutrimental de las flores de las palmas pacay(a) y chapay(a) muestra cuáles son los nutrientes (proteínas, minerales y vitaminas) que contienen dichas plantas, mismas que complementan la dieta de algunos grupos mayas en la actualidad y, posiblemente, desde el Clásico. Por último, con el análisis lingüístico proponemos que los términos č'ib' (del protomaya *k'iib') y ak te o čitam te son los términos vernáculos mayas para pacay(a) y chapay(a) respectivamente, y que estos últimos tienen un origen quechua. PALABRAS CLAVE: Inflorescencias de palmas, paleoetnobotánica, alimentación maya, nutrimentos, lingüística maya.ABSTRACT: Based on current ethnographic information in conjunction with paleoethnobotanical, nutritional, and linguistic data, this study examines the cultural importance of the inflorescences of palms pacay(a) and chapay(a) with edible purposes in Chiapas, Mexico. Paleoethnobotanical analysis of sediment from Chinikihá's palace, near Palenque, Chiapas, documented the presence of PALMAE phytoliths. Nutritional studies reveal that the flowers of pacay(a) and chapay(a) contain high amounts of proteins, minerals, and vitamins, wich complement the diet of some Maya groups today and, possibly, since Classical times. Lastly, linguistic evidence shows that the terms č'ib' (from protomayan *k'iib') and ak te or čitam te are the Mayan vernacular names for pacay(a) and chapay(a) and that the latter two have a quechua origen.

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