The mechanisms of variation of intraocular pressure (IOP) during abdominal surgical interventions it is not completely clear and its result on the recovering patient may vary from benign alterations to disabilities. This review aims to identify the most important triggers and its impact of IOP along with individual risk factors during the perioperative period of abdominal surgeries. International literature is providing limited data on this topic. We reviewed 9 studies using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science as database. From the multitude of effects and implications that abdominal surgery has onto the physiology of eyeball, the highest impact was linked to the positioning of the patient, induction of anesthesia, perianesthetic events such as intubation and extubation, type of anesthesia and anesthetic used, pneumoperitoneum induced in laparoscopic surgeries and its contribution to the alterations of ocular parameters which are increasing the risk of ocular events. In addition to this, the association of individual risk factors as well as the pre-existing of ophthalmologic diseases may have severe consequences onto the visual function.