Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar se um programa de navegação pode ajudar indivíduos com deficiência visual a melhorar a acurácia na orientação dinâmica. Nove participantes com deficiência visual retornaram a um ponto de partida após percorrer rotas em linha reta e triangular. Pré e pós-avaliações foram feitas entre um período de 4 meses, durante o qual o treinamento com navegação foi realizado. Entre pré e pós-teste, erros relativos de desvios angulares (ERDA) foram diferentes apenas na tarefa em linha reta. O valor de ERDA foi maior na tarefa em linha reta possivelmente por causa da magnitude do giro inicial antes de retornar ao ponto de partida (i.e., 180 O) em contraste com a tarefa triângulo (i.e., 45 o). Conclui-se que, em tarefas de orientação, os erros no desvio angular dependem da amplitude do giro inicial ao retornar para o ponto de partida. Ainda, a acurácia na manutenção da direção é influenciada por um treinamento específico com navegação. Palavras-chave: Orientação espacial; deficiência visual; percepção de distância.
This article presents a tutorial about two protocols that can be used to measure an individual's perception of body image, direct and indirect , and which follow S.S. ( Stevens 1951) methods. Two psychophysical task approaches illustrate the ability of individuals to quantify body image distortions. We selected psychophysical tasks that indirectly assess a participant's behavioral component of body image (i.e., satisfaction tendencies about body image); and second, the cognitive component of body image (i.e., individuals' perceptual accuracy in magnitude estimation tasks, which depend on a familiarity with interval scales and the use of numbers and ratios to represent physical dimensions of stimuli). We determined individuals' perceptual sensitivity (i.e., his or her perceptual style ) to manipulations of the body's size by using Stevens' power function ( Stevens, 1951).
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto de um programa de intervenção comvivências de atividades físicas adaptadas, simulando deficiências sensoriais e motora, nas atitudes de alunas/os sem deficiência sobre o processo de inclusão. Para tanto, 79 estudantes com idade variando entre 9 e 11anos, de turmas de 5º ano de um colégio de ensino privado da cidade de Curitiba/PR participaram da pesquisaque consistiu da aplicação de questionários pré e pós período de intervenção caracterizado pela vivênciade atividades motoras adaptadas, simulando as deficiências visual, auditiva e motora (“Futmão”, “Coelho sai da toca” e “Passa a bola”). Os dados obtidos apontaram que, para a maioria das variáveis investigadas,houve impacto positivo em direção à inclusão, porém algumas respostas indicaram um direcionamento nãofavoráveis, como por exemplo, se importar em deixar o jogo mais lento com a presença de um/a aluno comdeficiência. Ressaltamos que intervenção pedagógica utilizando práticas lúdicas de atividade física que simulama restrição sensorial e motora, pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da empatia e assim despertar e manterum ambiente escolar favorável à inclusão.
Body image is a multi-dimensional construct that combines perceptions and attitudes about the body, particularly those that relate to physical appearance (Cash, Maikkula & Yamamiya, 2004). When body image perception is disturbed-most common amongst teenage girls (Shroff & Thompson, 2006), serious health risks may result, which include eating disorders and depression (Smolak, 2002). The purpose of this study was to assess the behavioral and perceptual aspects of body image in adolescent females with and without body image distortion, (BID) and (NBI). Specifically, it was to identify whether or not behavioral parameters are distinct between groups. The study attempted to verify, in both groups, levels of consistency in sub-components: affective, cognitive and perceptual, using tasks that portrayed the individual's own body as well as a stranger's body. Also assessed was whether or not perceptual parameters could it be determined, and whether or not perceptual parameters are different for tasks that include an individual's own body image versus those tasks that include a stranger's body image and a task with a neutral image. If differences existed between groups, the study attempted to assess whether or not body image disturbance, presence of eating disorder and BMI-body mass index (IMC) predicted levels of individual body dissatisfaction and magnitude of error when the individuals judged the dimensions of their own bodies. Forty-three participants comprised the NBI group, and ten participants comprised the BID group. In order to establish the behavioral components of body image, individuals in both groups were asked to complete questionnaires and inventories (BSQ, EAT, silhouette scale, SIL, and own body image scale, OBI). Also, psychophysical tasks were used to assess the perceptual components of body image. Results of the behavioral aspects related to body image showed that the two groups are different. The BID group exhibited higher levels of dissatisfaction with body image in both behavioral tasks, and also in the subcomponents of the OBI task. The participants perceived themselves as being overweight, felt obese, and wished to be of a normal weight. The BSQ predicted dissatisfaction levels using the SIL task; the BMI predicted dissatisfaction levels using the OBI task. Both groups exhibited similar performance in the perceptual tasks. The results indicated that the participants showed a super-constancy tendency during the tasks that employed body images as compared to the cube task. Magnitude of relative error showed that all the participants underestimated small-sized stimuli, and they overestimated the larger-sized stimuli. This ix study helped to expand the application of quantitative measures to level of body image dissatisfaction by including measures of individuals' own bodies. It also concluded that the individuals perceived neutral shapes differently than that of body shape.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.