Service-learning methodology makes a connection between student classroom learning and the application of knowledge to solve community needs. The present study was carried out with the Universidad Autónoma de Occidente (Colombia) community by environmental engineering students enrolled in a Chemistry 2 course. The students helped the Universidad Autonoma de Occidente community reinforce criteria for separating solid waste generated in the cafeteria. To carry out this project, the students had to appropriate concepts from the chemistry course such as functional groups, types of polymers, and the biodegradation process of materials and its relation to the principles of solid waste separation. Once the concepts were learned, students developed strategies to guide the community in the correct separation of solid waste using a simple vocabulary so that people unfamiliar with chemistry could understand and apply the concepts. The project positively impacted student learning and promoted personal satisfaction as a result of performing useful service and using their knowledge to solve a real worldwide problem.
Coffee production generates large volumes of waste, which have the potential to cause pollution problems to soil and water and loss of biodiversity. Coffee pulp was used as a substrate for the production of the edible mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius, a high protein content product (17.8% ± 0.84%). The spent mushroom substrate (SMS) resulting from fungus production showed a decrease in lignin (49.7% ± 12%), cellulose (33.7% ± 10.8%), and phenolic compound (87% ± 2%) content, which avoids contamination of soil and water bodies by them. Since the SMS still contains N (2.45%), P (0.20%), K (0.112%), Ca (0.320%), and Mg (0.106%), it has the potential to be used as a raw material in the production of a biofertilizer. This model reduces the environmental impact of the byproducts generated by small coffee growers and constitutes an alternative to combat hunger in rural communities and to achieve the sustainable development goal of zero hunger proposed by the United Nations.
Este trabajo aborda la problemática representada por los micro y nanoplásticos (MP y NP, respectivamente) en las costas americanas del Océano Pacífico, desde la perspectiva de la Red Micro y Nano Allpa Pacha. Esta red está conformada por científicos de Chile, Perú, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Panamá y México, quienes, preocupados por el impacto en el ambiente y su repercusión en la salud, decidieron establecer colaboraciones científicas internacionales para la geolocalización, monitoreo y caracterización de MP y NP presentes en las costas del Océano Pacífico en el continente americano. Se espera aportar datos basados en evidencias científicas y armonizados, que impacten en la enseñanza y en la planificación de medidas de control y regulación de estos contaminantes en nuestros países. En este trabajo se incluyen algunos aspectos de polímeros y plásticos, definiciones de MP’s y NP’s, y sus diversos impactos, la problemática de la toma de muestras, caracterización adecuada, entre otros. Unas de las conclusiones permitieron determinar que hay muchas características de los NP’s y MP’s sin investigar como la interacción con otros productos químicos, el impacto de la morfología en la biodisponibilidad, la formación de adherencias y liberación de las mismas durante su contacto con los compartimentos ambientales, la dependencia de su composición con su comportamiento y destino, entre otras. Asimismo, se determinó que todo aporte a la mitigación del problema de estos materiales debe incluir la concientización, la prevención y la reducción, mediante un enfoque integral de educación y capacitación, y considerando todos los actores de la sociedad, responsables de la problemática generada, bajo un enfoque de evidencia científica. Finalmente, se determinó que el tema aún está en su fase inicial, y la información es reiterativa y auto referenciada.
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