No abstract

Sepsis is an organic dysfunction that puts at risk the life of patients suffering this disorder due to an exacerbated immunological response to the infection mediated by the host. Platelets have been largely researched on sepsis owing to its role in Disseminated Intracellular Coagulation (DIC) and because thrombocytopenia is an important clinical feature of these patients. Nevertheless, a great number of evidence shows that platelets have also an important role in immunological response since they have pattern recognition receptors, chemokine receptors and granules with stored soluble mediators. In this work, the immunological features of platelets in individuals with sepsis are described. The results show that platelets of these individuals have high levels of surfaces expression of TLR4, CD62P, CD32 and thrombin receptor 1 (PAR-1), these platelets have also greater capability to join Escherichia coli, and show a different profile of soluble mediators (IL-1β, CD40L and TNF-α). Platelets from patients with sepsis form aggregates with neutrophils in circulation, but are unable to induce the production of reactive oxygen species. This research describes important features of platelets to help the understanding of the immunological role of these cells in sepsis.

No abstract

Liver cancer is the second most common cancer death cause worldwide, the fourth with the highest incidence, and the third most lethal in Mexico. Due to the bad habits and inadequate nutrition of the Mexican population, it is at a high risk of developing this type of disease. At present, it is difficult to make a practical and safe diagnosis of liver cancer in later stages, and it is even more difficult in early stages. This situation, added to the scarce viability and effectiveness of the treatments, and the lack of reliable national incidence records, anticipate a very low survival rate. That is why it requires a greater attention and understanding of this condition, for the identification of therapeutic targets and new timely treatments. In this article we review the main risk factors for liver cancer, their biological characteristics, current diagnostic methods and new proposals for their detection, allowing us to know the contemporary panorama and contribute to research on this health problem and reduce the high rates of incidence and mortality.