ROMANO, E.; FERREIRA, A.T.; DUSI, A.N.; PROITE, K.; BUSO, J.A.; ÁVILA, A.C.; NISHIJIMA, M.L.; NASCIMENTO, A.S.; BRAVO-ALMONACID, F.; MENTABERRY, A.; MONTE, D.; CAMPOS, M.A.; MELO, P.E.; CATTONY, M.K. TORRES, A.C. Horticultura Brasileira, Brasília, v. 19, n. 2, junho SUMMARYThe coat protein (CP) gene of the potato virus Y strain "o" (PVY O ) was introduced into potato, cultivar Achat, via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Sixty three putative transgenic lines were challenged against the Brazilian strains PVY-OBR and PVY-NBR. An extremely resistant phenotype, against the two strains, was observed in one line, denominated 1P. No symptoms or positive ELISA results were observed in 16 challenged plants from this line. Another clone, named as 63P, showed a lower level of resistance. Southern blot analysis showed five copies of the CP gene in the extremely resistant line and at least three copies in the other resistant line. The stability of the integrated transgenes in the extreme resistant line was examined during several in vitro multiplications over a period of three years, with no modification in the Southern pattern was observed. The stability of the transgenes, the absence of primary infections and the relatively broad spectrum of resistance suggest that the extremely resistant line obtained in this work can be useful for agricultural purposes.Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, GMO. (Accepted for publication in 21 th May, 2.001) the 3' end of the viral genome and its sequence has been established for several PVY strains (Bravo-Almonacid & Mentaberry, 1989; Hay et al.,1989; Puurand et al., 1990; Robaglia et al., 1989;Thole et al., 1993;van der Vlugt et al., 1989;Wefels et al., 1989). PVY infects potato (Solanum tuberosum) causing necrosis, mottling or yellowing-vein clearing of leaflets, leaf dropping and premature death (de Bokx, 1990). In fields established with infected tuber seeds, yield reduction is dramatic (De Bokx & Piron, 1990; Brandolini et al., 1992). To avoid it, growers are compelled to a frequent renewal of tuber seed stocks, with lasting effects on production costs, growers' income, and final potato prices for consumers. PVY has been reported to infect potato in Brazil for at least 25 years (Alba & Oliveira, 1976), although its actual importance has been masked for two decades by the joint occurrence of PLRV (Câmara et al., 1986). In 1994 severe losses exclusively due to PVY were reported, mainly on fields planted with cultivar Achat (Figueira, 1999). Achat is one important potato cultivar in Brazil (Torres et al, 1999). free seed potatoes and special cultural practices (Gugerli, 1986). Usually these procedures do not offer permanent solutions to PVY infection. The development of resistant cultivars in potato can be a more effective strategy but, due to the tetraploid nature of its genome, potato breeding is known to be extremely difficult. However the ability to transform plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmids has made it possible to produce plants with new traits wi...
O melhoramento genético tradicional da batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) é lento e defronta-se com uma gama de dificuldades. A espécie cultivada é tetraplóide com segregação polissômica, e muitas das cultivares comerciais apresentam baixa fertilidade de pólen ou não florescem (Vayda et al., 1992). Nesse cenário, a utilização das técnicas de transformação genética em batata teria a vantagem de possibilitar a incorporação, em clones considerados elites, de genes específicos que codificam características de interesse. Achat é uma das cultivares lideres no mercado nacional, no entanto, reduções nos níveis de produtividade desse genótipo têm sido reportados devido a infecção por viroses do grupo potivirus e luteovirus.Estratégias de engenharia genética usando genes derivados de patógenos têm sido empregadas com sucesso no controle de doenças virais em diversas culturas incluindo a batata (Scholthof et al., 1993), permitindo o desenvolvimento, a curto prazo, de cultivares melhora- ABSTRACT Genetic transformation of potato cultivar Achat by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.Nodal segment explants of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv Achat were excised from in vitro growing plants, and transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 carrying the binary vector pBI121 with npt II and gus-intron genes. The regeneration of putative transformants was done in medium supplemented with 50 mg.L -1 of kanamycin. Putative transformants expressing kanamycin resistance and b-glucuronidase activity were identified. PCR analysis of these plants showed amplification of the npt II in gus + plants. Southern blotting hybridization revealed the insertion of at least one copy of the npt II gene.
Promotores tecido-específico controlam a transcrição de genes em diferentes tecidos vegetais bem como em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento da planta, levando à indução de distintos níveis de atividade transiente e/ou estável do gene. Tais promotores podem ser empregados para a expressão seletiva de genes de interesse. O promotor rol A de Agrobacterium rhizogenes, por exemplo, é floema-específico, sugerindo que possa ser empregado em estratégias de defesa de plantas que são infectadas por vírus com replicação restrita ao floema. A expressão do gene marcador da ß-glucuronidase (gus) dirigido pelo promotor rol A (pBRA3) foi observada em plantas transgênicas de batata (cvs. Macaca e Baronesa). Entrenós e secções de folhas foram submetidos ao cocultivo com A. tumefaciens. A atividade do gene gus avaliada em brotações resistentes à canamicina não se restringiu ao floema (alto nível de expressão do gene), mas também se manifestou no xilema dos caules. As expressões transiente e estável são, no entanto, tecido-específicas, localizadas sobretudo no sistema vascular de entrenós e ausente em raízes e folhas. As plantas gus positivas foram micropropagadas, plantadas em casa de vegetação e avaliadas por PCR, utilizando-se 'primers' específicos para o gene npt II. Nenhuma alteração fenotípica foi observada em plantas transgênicas, em relação às não transformadas.
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