Cellulose nanocrystals can bind different patterns of platelet lysate-derived protein in a surface sulfation dependent manner. The potential to direct stem cell fate by solid-phase presentation of defined protein coronas is demonstrated.

Metallic implants are widely used in diverse clinical applications to aid in recovery from lesions or to replace native hard tissues. However, the lack of integration of metallic surfaces with soft tissue interfaces causes the occurrence of biomaterial-associated infections, which can trigger a complicated inflammatory response and, ultimately, implant failure. Here, a multifunctional implant surface showing nanoscale anisotropy, based on the controlled deposition of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and biological activity derived from platelet lysate (PL) biomolecules sequestered and presented on CNC surface, is proposed. The anisotropic radial nanopatterns are produced on polished titanium surfaces by spin-coating CNC at high speed. Furthermore, CNC surface chemistry allows to further sequester and form a coating of bioactive molecules derived from PL. The surface anisotropy provided by CNC guides fibroblasts growth and alignment up to 14 days of culture. Moreover, PL-derived biomolecules polarize macrophages toward the M2-like anti-inflammatory phenotype. These results suggest that the developed multifunctional surfaces can promote soft tissue integration to metallic implants and, at the same time, prevent bacterial invasion, tissue inflammation, and failure of biomedical metallic implants.

Identifying grape varieties in wine, related products, and raw materials is of great interest for enology and to ensure its authenticity. However, these matrices' complexity and low DNA content make this analysis particularly challenging. Integrating DNA analysis with 2D materials, such as graphene, offers an advantageous pathway toward ultrasensitive DNA detection. Here, we show that monolayer graphene provides an optimal test bed for nucleic acid detection with single-base resolution. Graphene's ultrathinness creates a large surface area with quantum confinement in the perpendicular direction that, upon functionalization, provides multiple sites for DNA immobilization and efficient detection. Its highly conjugated electronic structure, high carrier mobility, zeroenergy band gap with the associated gating effect, and chemical inertness explain graphene's superior performance. For the first time, we present a DNA-based analytic tool for grapevine varietal discrimination using an integrated portable biosensor based on a monolayer graphene field-effect transistor array. The system comprises a wafer-scale fabricated graphene chip operated under liquid gating and connected to a miniaturized electronic readout. The platform can distinguish closely related grapevine varieties, thanks to specific DNA probes immobilized on the sensor, demonstrating high specificity even for discriminating single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which is hard to achieve with a classical endpoint polymerase chain reaction or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The sensor was operated in ultralow DNA concentrations, with a dynamic range of 1 aM to 0.1 nM and an attomolar detection limit of ∼0.19 aM. The reported biosensor provides a promising way toward developing decentralized analytical tools for tracking wine authenticity at different points of the food value chain, enabling data transmission and contributing to the digitalization of the agro−food industry.

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