OLIVEIRA, A. D. Biodiversity and science museums: a study on the transposition museographic dioramas.

Habitat loss is one of the main consequences of landscape transformation by humans. Monitoring biodiversity changes in areas under different management strategies is fundamental for species conservation. Our study is the first to assess the role of forest disturbance history on spider (Araneae) biodiversity in the westernmost portion of the Atlantic Forest. We analyzed taxonomic and functional aspects of spider assemblages in understories in a large forest fragment in southwestern Brazil. Spiders were sampled in five 30 m × 5 m plots over three seasons in three areas with different management histories: clear-cutting, selective logging, or native plots. We also characterized tree basal area, tree density, and canopy openness. The clear-cut plots showed more canopy openness and low habitat heterogeneity due to the high density of one pioneer native tree species. Forest structure in selective logging and native plots was similar. Spider richness, abundance, and functional richness were affected only by the season. Species composition also differed among the areas depending on the season. The abundance of web-building species was mainly associated with clear-cut areas in winter and spring. These results highlight the importance of natural regeneration in the Atlantic Forest after disturbance for the conservation of regional spider biodiversity.

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Eucalyptus (family Myrtaceae), a native plant from Australia, is a genus cultivated due to its oil, gum, pulp and timber used worldwide for different commercial applications. It is a plant with significant economic importance and possibly its cultivation, in Brazil and other countries, has reduced the exploitation of native trees. The secondary metabolism of Eucalyptus, as usually found in plants, produces essential oils and tannins, which may interfere in the consumption of plants by wild animals. The goal of the present work was to investigate the influence of essential oil and tannins concentration on the herbivory of seven Eucalyptus taxa. Essential oils composition for all species investigated were characterized by CG MS HS-Trap analysis. The lowest hebivory rate were associated to Urocam, Grancam and Eucalyptus benthamii. Those taxa were associated with the presence of mix oil compounds, α/β-Pinene, Pinocarveol, α-Terpineol and Tannins. Tannins concentrations and essential oil are an important factor that contributes to the plant protection against herbivory.

RESUMOO status de degradação das florestas no oeste catarinense repercute em um número pequeno de áreas conservadas que possibilitem estudos sobre diversidade e estrutura de comunidades florestais, a fim de criar aporte teórico para estratégias de preservação, manejo e restauração ecossistêmica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a diversidade e a estrutura de um remanescente de Floresta Estacional Decidual Submontana localizado no município de São João do Oeste -SC. Para o inventário, foram demarcadas 102 unidades amostrais de 10 × 10 m, dispostas em uma grade contínua de 6 × 17 parcelas, nas quais foram amostradas todas as plantas da sinúsia arborescente-arbórea com PAP ≥ 15 cm. Ocorreram 1441,18 árvores vivas e 93,14 plantas mortas em pé/ha. As 79 espécies encontradas pertencem a 61 gêneros e 33 famílias. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') foi de 3,21 e o índice de equabilidade de Pielou (J')foi de 0,735. A estrutura vertical da vegetação amostrada foi dividida em arvoretas (2-11 m), dossel (12-17 m) e emergentes (18-25 m). O remanescente florestal estudado constitui um importante ecossistema de referência para a implementação de estratégias de preservação, manejo e restauração de florestas estacionais. Palavras-chave: componente lenhoso; estrutura florestal; subformação submontana; Floresta Estacional Decidual. ABSTRACTThe degradation status of the forests in western Santa Catarina state reflects in a reduced number of conserved areas that enable studies on forest communities diversity and structure in order to create strategies for ecosystems preservation, management and restoration. The objective of this study was to describe the diversity and structure of a forest remnant of Seasonal Submontane Deciduous Forest located in the municipality of São João do Oeste, Santa Catarina state. For the inventory, we demarcated 102 sampling units of 10 × 10 m, continuously arranged in a grid of 6 × 17 plots, in which all plants of the arborescent-arboreal sinusiae with perimeter at breast height (PBH) ≥ 15 cm were sampled. We surveyed 1441.18 living trees and 93.14 standing dead plants per ha. The 79 species found belong to 61 genera and 33 families. Sorocea bonplandii, Nectandra megapotamica, Inga marginata, Ocotea diospyrifolia and Trichilia claussenii presented the highest importance value indexes. The Shannon diversity index (H') was 3.21 and the Pielou equability (J') was 0.735. The vertical structure of the vegetation sampled was divided into treelets (2-11 m), canopy (12-17 m) and emerging trees (18-25 m). The studied forest fragment is an important reference ecosystem for the implementation of strategies for preservation, management and restoration of seasonal forests.