The prevalence of infected ascites was 29.2%. With the exception of serum albumin, there were no differences in the clinical and biochemical features of patients with infected ascites and noninfected ascites.

The authors' data demonstrate a good response to HAV vaccination in children with DS living at home, with GMT not statistically different from that of healthy control children. HAV vaccine is well tolerated and highly immunogenic in children with DS.

Although the 16S rRNA gene amplification was better than culture to diagnose SBP, bacterial DNA does not seem to allow a distinction between ascites infection and ascites colonization.

Although GMTs were significantly lower in children with chronic liver disease compared to healthy controls, the overall seroconversion rates were not different. Hepatitis A virus vaccine was safe, well-tolerated, and immunogenic in children with chronic liver disease.