AimWe tested the energy and metabolic theories for explaining diversity patterns of crustacean zooplankton in Canadian lakes, and evaluated the influence of regional and local environments on community structure. LocationThe 1665 studied lakes are distributed across Canada in 47 ecoprovinces. MethodsOur database included the occurrence of 83 pelagic crustacean species. The regional species richness in each ecoprovince was estimated using the average local species richness per lake and the first-order jackknife diversity index. Using a principal component plot and forward selection in a multiple regression we identified the most important predictors of regional species richness estimates. We tested the predictions of the species richness-energy hypothesis using climatic variables at regional scale, and of the metabolic theory using the inverse of air temperature. To evaluate the influence of regional and local environmental drivers, we carried out a redundancy analysis between crustacean species occurrences and regional climate and lake environmental factors on a subset of 458 lakes. ResultsEstimates of pelagic crustacean species richness in Canadian ecoprovinces varied from 3 to 10 species per lake (average local species richness) or 8 to 52 species per ecoprovince (Jackknife diversity index). Our study fully supports the species richness-energy hypothesis and partially the metabolic theory. Mean daily global solar radiation was the most important regional predictor, explaining 51% of the variation in the regional species richness among ecoprovinces. Together, regional climate and local lake environment accounted for 31% of the total variation in community structure. Regional-scale energy variables accounted for 24% of the total explained variation, whereas local-scale lake conditions had less influence (2%). Main conclusionsThe richness-energy theory explains diversity patterns of freshwater crustacean zooplankton in Canadian ecoprovinces. Solar radiation is the best predictor explaining regional species richness in ecoprovinces and community structure of pelagic crustaceans in Canadian lakes.

a b s t r a c tIn this study, the interactions between two semi-aquatic mammals, the endangered Pyrenean desman Galemys pyrenaicus and the Eurasian water shrew Neomys fodiens, were investigated through the analysis of their summer diet using next-generation sequencing methods, combined with analyses of prey selectivity and trophic overlap. The diet of these predators was highly diverse including 194 and 205 genera for G. pyrenaicus and N. fodiens respectively. Overall, both species exhibited rather non-selective foraging strategies as the most frequently consumed invertebrates were also the most frequent and abundant in the streams. This supported a generalist foraging behaviour for G. pyrenaicus and N. fodiens in the study area. The Pianka index (0.4) indicated a significant but moderate dietary overlap as G. pyrenaicus mostly relied on prey with aquatic stages whereas prey of N. fodiens were mainly terrestrial. Moreover, no difference in G. pyrenaicus prey consumption was found in presence or absence of N. fodiens. A differential use of trophic resources through mechanisms such as plastic feeding behaviour or differences in foraging micro-habitat are likely to facilitate the coexistence between these two mammal species.

An antigen cross-reacting with the human blood group P1 has been discovered in turtledove's blood an egg-white. In egg-white, this P1 antigenicity is carried by a glycoprotein called ovomucoid, which is particularly rich in galactose residues and which has been successfully used to produce specific anti-P1 antibodies in rabbits.