Cro-Magnon is one of the most famous archeological sites in the World, but few scholars are aware that the human remains from this shelter have been commingled since 1868 and that only one comprehensive attempt to reassociate the bones has been published, more than fifty years ago. The aim of this article is to present the results of a multiproxy approach applied in order to reassociate the main bones of the lower limbs (including the pelvis) of the adults from Cro-Magnon. We used a classical approach (i.e. the study of size, morphology, and surface alterations of the bones), combined with tools from virtual anthropology, namely maximum length estimations, virtual test of morphometrical similarities between possible pairs, virtual test of articular congruence, and visual comparisons of cortical thickness of long bones. From the 26 bones from the lower limb under This discovery quickly led to excavations in or around the shelter and, in less than 50 years, it was emptied (Henry-Gambier, et al., 2013a). However these "excavations" did not produced any useful documentation on the stratigraphy of the site, and the main data were those provided by Lartet in 1868 (Henry-Gambier, et al., 2013a). Artifacts associated with the Aurignacian, the Gravettian and the Solutrean cultures were identified at Cro-Magnon (Henry-Gambier, et al., 2013a). The human remains were for long time considered as dating from the Early Aurignacian but it has been demonstrated that they are most likely associated with the Early phase of the Gravettian (33-31000 Cal. BP) (Henry-Gambier, 2002, Henry-Gambier, et al., 2013a) 1 .

The Cro-Magnon human remains, associated with the Mid Upper Paleolithic (MUP), have been commingled since 1868. Only one comprehensive attempt to reassociate the bones and partial description of them, now more than fifty years old, has been published. This article provides a comprehensive description and reassessment of the adult upper limb remains. We used a visual and morphometric approach, combined with virtual anthropology, to allocate 14 of the 24 upper limb bones to four individuals. This analysis illustrates the relative morphological homogeneity of the MUP sample and highlights the striking differences between MUP individuals and the more recent Upper Pleistocene human groups in western Eurasia. This study also reinforces the hypothesis of gender roles during the MUP, with women more frequently than men involved in physical activities requiring both upper limbs. Highlights:-A multiproxy approach is used to associate the commingled Cro-Magnon upper limb bones -Four adults are identified from the upper limb skeletal remains -This analysis illustrates the relative morphological homogeneity of the MUP sample -This study highlights the striking differences between MUP and LUP groups -This study reinforces the hypothesis of gender roles during the MUP

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