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Analyzing the participation o f Hausa w omen in religiously influenced nongovernm ental organizations (NGOs) devoted to developm ent work provides critical insights into the com plex intersection of gender, religion, class, culture, and politics and economics. Based on interviews with leaders an d employees o f various NGOs, including community-based organizations (CBOs), in Kano, Nigeria, in 2010-11, this in-depth case study provides im portant examples o f how various types of NGOs navigate political pressures when it com es to funding; it recognizes the understudied im portance o f w om en's labor contributions in the context o f the developm ent apparatus in Africa; it highlights the role o f women as progenitors rath er than benefactors of econom ic developm ent; and it illustrates the unique role that faith-based organizations (FBOs) can and do play in term s o f reaching certain m arginalized segments o f the population. KEYWORDS Econom ics o f gender, w om en's labor force participation, West Africa, Islam JEL Code: 0 5 5 INTRO DU CTIO NAnalyzing the participation of devout West African Muslim women in development work -specifically, education, economic empowerment, and health -can provide crucial insights into the complex interactions of religion, culture, and politics with women's economic activities. The ways in which gender and development are framed by the state often cast women as beneficiaries of targeted development programming, which serves to further obscure their economic contributions. As several scholars have observed, dominant development paradigms have tended to ignore the contributions of Muslim women to development efforts in their

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