Introduction: Hyponatremia is a common electrolyteabnormality in hospitalized patients. It is defined as serum sodium concentration less than 135mEq/L. It occurs due to disruption of sodium and water homeostasis. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic patients to ones having seizures and coma. Aims and objective: To delineate the clinical profile and causes of hyponatremia in patients admitted in a medical ward. Material and methods: This study was conducted on 100 patientsadmitted in medicine ward of Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital,Laheriasarai, Bihar, India from October 2018 to September 2019. Patients older than 18 years with serum sodium less than 135mEq/L were included in the study. Detailed history, clinical examination and all necessary investigations were done accordingly. P value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: In the present study 72% patients were male, and 84% ofpatients was older than 50 years. Symptomatic hyponatremia in mild, moderate and severe groups were present in 42.8%, 84.8%, 96% respectively. Out of 100 cases of hyponatremiaeuvolemic, hypervolemic and hypovolemic cases were 47%, 33% and 20% respectively. Most common cause was gastrointestinal loss (24%) and most common symptom(24%) was altered sensorium in. Interestingly 10% cases of hyponatremia had history of salt restriction. Conclusion: Hyponatremia is a commonly encountered electrolyteimbalance in hospitalized patients mostly in temperate countries like India. Most common cause being gastrointestinal loss followed by diuretic use. Restricted salt intake advised by physicians or family members is also an important factor of it.

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Introduction Menière's disease is a clinical syndrome that consists of episodes of spontaneous incapacitating vertigo usually associated with unilateral fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), tinnitus, and aural fullness. Diagnosis is by clinically and audiovestibular tests including video nystagmography (VNG).Aim (1) This study was done to determine whether video nystagmography is a valid diagnostic tool for diagnosing Menière's disease.(2) To study the therapeutical effect of betahistine in Menière's disease and compare with video nystagmography.Methodology Patients, presenting with vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss, who come under the criteria for Menière's disease in the ENT OPD were selected. A detailed history and thorough clinical examination were done followed by PTA and video nystagmography. Those who are diagnosed with Menière's disease were treated with betahistine 48 mg for 2 weeks, and were followed-up for 2 and 6 weeks.Results Thirty-five patients have been studied, all of them showed nystagmus toward the affected ear on post high-frequency head shake, hypofunction on caloric test in affected side. Twenty patients were correlated with glycerol test and PTA showing SNHL on affected side. On follow-up, 15 patients showed improvement clinically and in VNG. These tests were done on follow-up at 2 and 6 weeks to look for improvement.Conclusion VNG is an excellent tool for diagnosing Menière's disease and to compare the therapeutical improvement or efficacy of treatment given.Clinical Significance Menière's disease can be easily diagnosed in OPD setup with VNG, it helps in accurate and early treatment of the patient.