Cancer incidence during 1972-90 in Asian migrants to New South Wales, Australia, is described. Overall cancer incidence was lower than in the Australia born in most migrant groups, and this reached significance in migrants born in China/Taiwan, the Philippines, Vietnam and India/Sri Lanka, and in male migrants born in Indonesia. For the majority of cancers, rates were more similar to those in the Australia born than to those in the countries of birth. For cancers of the breast, colorectum and prostate, rates were relatively low in the countries of birth, but migrants generally exhibited rates nearer those of the Australia born. For cancers of the liver and cervix and, in India/Sri Lanka-born migrants, of the oral cavity, incidence was relatively high in the countries of birth but tended to be lower, nearer Australia-born rates, in the migrants. For these cancers, environmental factors related to the migrant's adopted country, and migrant selection, appeared to have a major effect on the risk of cancer. For certain other cancers, incidence was more similar to that in the countries of birth. Nasopharyngeal cancer, and lung cancer in females, had high rates in both the countries of birth and in migrants to Australia. Nasopharyngeal cancer rates were highest in China/Taiwan and Hong Kong-born migrants, and were also significantly high in migrants from Malaysia/Singapore, Vietnam and the Philippines. Rates of lung cancer were significantly high in women born in China/Taiwan, and the excess was greater for adenocarcinoma than for squamous cell carcinoma. Melanoma had low rates in both the migrants and in the countries of birth. For these cancers, it was probable that genetic factors, or environmental factors acting prior to migration, were important in causation.

(RR 0.76,. Mortality was significantly low for many cancers including colorectal, lung, testis and brain cancers. Mortality was significantly raised only for cancer of the prostate in males, of the placenta in females, and of the liver, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in both sexes.

No abstract

Summary The epidemiological features of Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) incidence in England and Wales in the period [1971][1972][1973][1974][1975][1976][1977][1978][1979][1980] (Bluefarb, 1957), but no population-based statistics exist.In Central and East Africa, KS has long been a common tumour, accounting for more than 10% of all malignancies in males in some countries (Cook et al., 1971). Before AIDS, the sex ratio in Africa was near to 1: 1 in children, but in adults over 10 males to each female were affected (Olweny, 1984).The AIDS-associated epidemic of KS in industrialised countries has epidemiological features which point to a transmissible agent, spread by sexual contact, plus HIV-mediated immunodeficiency, as the likely cause of this neoplasm (Beral et al., 1990 expected rates. Country of birth was unknown for four males and nine females with KS and these were excluded from calculation of standardised registration ratios. Confidence intervals for standardised registration ratios were calculated from tables of multipliers (exact limits) for estimating SMRs (Breslow & Day, 1982 (underlying and contributory) were obtained from extracts of death certificates of these individuals. The proportion of these people who were single in the two time periods was calculated and the difference in these proportions tested for significance using Fisher's exact test. In males, the proportions were adjusted for age differences by applying the England and Wales population 5 year age specific proportions of men who were single at the 1981 census to calculate expected numbers of single men in both time periods. The observed distribution of males who were single between the two time periods was then compared with the expected distribution under a null hypothesis of no difference in age-adjusted marital status between the two time periods, and tested for significance using the binomial distribution.