Clostridium (reclassified as “Clostridioides”) difficile infection (CDI) occurs as a chronic or an acute illness with intensity varying from mild to severe. Although most cases of CDI can be managed with antibiotics and supportive care, when the patient presents with fulminant disease, the early decision to perform surgery is imperative for survival. The current standard of care is the subtotal colectomy. However, loop ileostomy with vancomycin enemas delivered into the colonic mucosa has been described as a viable option on selected patients.

Similarly, 80% of patients with rest pain and tissue loss had ABIs ranging from 0.83 to 0 and from 0.94 to 0.16, respectively. As presented in Fig 2, subgroup analyses of patients with and without diabetes did not show a statistically significant difference except in patients with tissue loss. Preoperative ABI and TBI in patients treated with bypass were lower than those in the PVI group.Conclusions: Analysis of a large, multicenter data set of peripheral vascular procedures suggests that while mean ABI and TBI values are different for patients with claudication than for those with rest pain or tissue loss, significant overlap exists between categories. As with ABI and cardiovascular risk, it may be more appropriate to move to report ABIs in PAD to categories of normal, abnormal, and noncompressible.

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