Adult Wilms' tumor has no specific guidelines and this may lead to improper or incorrect treatment.

Triple-negative subtype has the worst overall and disease-free survival in stage II/III breast cancer. Clinical stage is still an independent prognostic factor in the breast cancers of all types.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth cause of cancer mortality in females. There were an estimated 300,000 new cases of OC diagnosed worldwide in 2018, corresponding to 3.4% of all cancer cases among women. The high mortality rate of OC attributed to asymptomatic growth of the tumor leads to its diagnosis at advanced stages. About 85% - 90% of OC are epithelial including serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous carcinoma. Aim: To study the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of FOXA1 and p53 in epithelial OC and its association with prognostic indicators such as age, tumor size, stage, grade, and histological type. Materials and methods: The study included 52 cases with EOC from the pathology department, faculty of medicine, Aswan, and Sohag Universities, in the period from January 2017 to December 2019. This study involved 52 patients with OC and a median age of 53 years. Different histological types were included as 37 serous, 12 mucinous, 1 case endometroid 2 cases clear cell OC. The study cases were classified into 22 Grade I, 16 Grade II, and 20 Grade III. About 22 cases were at stage I, 9 at stage II, 11 at stage III, and 10 at stage IV. Tissue sections were stained using the IHC technique with FOX A1 at a dilution of 1:100 and p53 at 1:100. Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between FOX A1 expression and advanced patient's age, high grade, advanced stage, ruptured capsule, and ascites, regardless of tumor laterality. No significant association was found between p53 immunoexpression and the same clinic-pathological parameters although p53 was associated with serious type. Conclusion: FOXA1 immunoexpression in EOC is considered a poor prognostic factor in EOC. FOXA1 could be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker in EOC.

Background: Gliomas represent the most frequent primary tumors of central nervous system (CNS), contributing to more than half of the incidence of brain tumors. Cancer stem cell markers (CSC) identify a group of patients at high risk for progression. Nestin is an intermediate fi lament (IF) protein was fi rst described as a neural stem cell/progenitor cell marker. Nestin-positive neuroepithelial stem cells are detected in the subventricular zone of the human adult brain and they remain mitotically active throughout adulthood. The expression of Nestin in gliomas has been suggested to be related to dedifferentiation, improved cell motility, invasive potential and increased malignancy. This study aims to investigate Nestin immunohistochemical expression in different types of glioma and its correlation with different clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods:Nestin immunostaining was studied in 60 specimens of glioma using avidinbiotin peroxidase method.Results: Nestin was strongly expressed in 11/60 (18.33%), moderately expressed in 29/60 (48.33%) and weekly expressed in 15/60 (25%) of studied gliomas. A signifi cant positive correlation was found between Nestin expression and histologic type (p< 0.001) and increasing grade of gliomas (p< 0.001). Conclusion:Increased Nestin expression is correlated with tumor progression, increasing grade, and poor prognostic parameter of glioma. Nestin is a useful marker for detection of CSC in high-grade glioma which is responsible for resistance to chemo-radiotherapy and may serve as a predictor for patient outcomes.

Introduction: Urothelial carcinoma is the most common histologic type of urinary bladder cancer in Egypt. Detection of high-grade urothelial carcinoma is important for modification of therapy and improving the prognosis. P63 is expressed at high levels in the basal layers of different epithelial tissues, including the urothelium. Aim of the work: to study the diagnostic and prognostic value of p63 expression in urothelial carcinoma (UC).Materials and Methods: Fifty cases of bladder urothelial carcinoma were involved in the study; 12 cases of non-invasive UC, (3 HG & 9 LG), and 38 cases of invasive UC, (30 HG & 8 LG). Sixteen cases of UC showed Bilharziasis. All the specimens were stained with p63 using immunohistochemical technique. Results: P63 was expressed in 28/38 cases (73.7%) of invasive UC and in all cases of non-invasive UC, and also in 16/17 (94%) low-Grade and in 24/33 (72.7%) of high-grade UC, with a statistically significant relation between p63 expression and both invasion (p < 0.001) and the tumor grade (p <0.034). Conclusion: P63 can be used as a diagnostic and a prognostic factor for high grade invasive UC.