Risk management has been gaining tremendous fame for the last couple of years. Firms in developed and developing countries are facing a variety of risks, i.e., foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, commodity price risk, and equity risk. It calls for such hedging techniques that mitigate this risk level, thus, allowing corporations to enjoy a solid return. This paper draws attention to a new determinant of hedging, i.e., the role of ownership concentration in risk management using derivative instruments. For this purpose, a sample data of 101 non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for six years, ranging from 2010-2016, is used. The Mann-Whitney test for difference in users and no-users is applied along with logistic regression to check the effect of ownership concentration on derivative usage. The finding of this study reveals that concentrated owners are less likely to use derivatives for hedging purposes due to concentrated owners' interests (top five shareholders & largest shareholder, family owners). Whereas, executives are more likely to engage in the use of derivatives to increase the value of their stocks. However, associated companies are significantly less involved in hedging activities. These results are extremely advantageous for policymakers in corporations to create a more stable corporate environment.

This study aims to investigate whether the corporate governance (CG) moderates the link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm value (FV). For this purpose, anatomization was conducted by extracting data from the published annual reports of non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Correlation, regression, and moderation analyses were conducted to obtain the statistical outcomes. The results showed a significant direct relationship between CSR and firm performance. Additionally, it was found that the interactivity between CSR and FV weakened when CG was included as a moderator. The results of this study could be used by stakeholders to make economically sound decisions since it provides complete guidance regarding how to engage in productive CSR activities. Moreover, this study contributes to future research by examining the association between CSR and FV using CG as a moderator, in a market where, as in other developing markets, this relationship has not been the focus of research. Apart from its theoretical contributions, this study explores the role of CG as moderator, in line with research conducted in under-developed markets, which may be considered a significant contribution.

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