We report the case of a young woman who presented with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea due to an undiagnosed and untreated pituitary adenoma. The tumor had extended well beyond sella turcica and caused bony erosion. The patient initially refused surgery and was treated with bromocriptine and a radiation therapy. CSF leakage did not improved and she was submitted to surgery by the transsphenoidal approach with removal of a tumor mass located in sphenoid sinus and sellar region. Origin of the leak was localized and repaired with fascia lata and a lumbar subarachnoid drain was left in place for 5 days. After 4 years she has normal serum PRL levels and no rhinorrhea. The management, complications and mechanisms involved in this rare condition are discussed.
-Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bilateral pallidotomies in five patients with generalized dystonia. Background: Generalized dystonias are frequently a therapeutic challenge, with poor responses to pharmacological treatment. GPi (globus pallidus internus) pallidotomies for Parkinson's disease ameliorate all kinds of dyskinesias/dystonia, and recent studies reported a marked improvement of refractory dystonias with this procedure. Methods: Five patients with generalized dystonias refractory to medical treatment were selected; one posttraumatic and four idiopathic. The decision to perform bilateral procedures was based on the predominant axial involvement in these patients. Dystonia severity was assessed with the Burke-FahnMarsden Dystonia Scale (BFM). Simultaneous procedures were performed in all but one patient, who had a staged procedure. They were reevaluated with the same scale (BFM) by an unblinded rater at 1, 2, 3, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 days post-operatively. Results: The four patients with idiopathic dystonia showed a progressive improvement up to three months; the patient with posttraumatic dystonia relapsed at three months. One patient had a marked improvement, being able to discontinue all the medications. A mean decrease in the BFM scores of 52,58% was noted. One patient had a trans-operative motor seizure followed by a transient hemiparesis secondary to rack hemorrhage; other was lethargic up to three days after the procedure. Conclusions: Our results show that bilateral GPi pallidotomies may be a safe and effective approach to medically refractory generalized dystonias; it can also be speculated that the posttraumatic subgroup may not benefit with this procedure.KEY WORDS: dystonia, pallidotomy, stereotactic surgery. Palidotomia bilateral para distonias generalizadasRESUMO -As distonias generalizadas são freqüentemente um desafio terapêutico, com pobres respostas aos tratamentos farmacológicos. As cirurgias estereotáxicas, como a palidotomia, têm sido utilizadas com êxito no tratamento da doença de Parkinson e estudos recentes relatam importante melhora das distonias generalizadas, refratárias ao tratamento farmacológico, com a palidotomia bilateral. O objetivo dos autores foi avaliar a eficácia e segurança da palidotomia bilateral em cinco pacientes com distonia generalizada. Foram selecionados cinco pacientes com distonia generalizada, predominante axial, refratários ao tratamento farmacológico (quatro idiopáticas e uma pós-traumática). A severidade da distonia foi avaliada através da escala de Burke-Fahn-Marsden (BFM), no 1º, 2º, e 3º dia após a cirurgia e nos dias 30, 60, 90, 120 e 180 do pós-operatório. Quatro pacientes com distonia idiopática tiveram uma progressiva melhora dentro de 3 meses após a cirurgia e o paciente com distonia pós-traumática teve uma piora da distonia após 3 meses da cirurgia. Um dos pacientes teve uma melhora acentuada do quadro de distonia, ficando livre das medicações. Em média ocorreu redução de 52,58 % dos escores da escala de BFM. Um dos...
RESUMO -Entre 1993 e 1999, foram analisados 35 pacientes submetidos a microcirurgia para remoção de tumor intramedular nos Serviços de Neurocirurgia do Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças e do Hospital de Clínicas de Curitiba -PR. A população foi composta por 68,6% de pacientes do sexo masculino; a média de idade era de 32,9 anos. A localização tumoral mais frequente foi torácica em 40% dos casos, seguida pela região cervical e cervicotorácica em 25,7%. Ao exame neurológico realizado entre 6 a 12 meses do pós-operatório, 42,9% dos pacientes demonstraram melhora, 34,3% permaneceram estáveis e 22,9% dos casos apresentaram piora. A ressecção foi total em 57,2% dos casos e subtotal em 37,1%. Em 5,7% dos pacientes, foi realizada apenas biópsia para diagnóstico. O grau de ressecção completa foi maior nos ependimomas (13 de 17 casos) e menor nos astrocitomas (5 de 12 casos). Entretanto, o grau de ressecção e o tipo histológico não interferiram na morbidade pós-operatória. Fatores como sexo, idade e tamanho do tumor também não demonstraram importância na evolução após a cirurgia. A localização torácica do tumor foi associada a maior morbidade cirúrgica (p=0,021).PALAVRAS-CHAVE: tumor intramedular, microcirurgia, medula espinhal, ependimoma, astrocitoma. Prognostic factors in the treatment of intramedullary spinal cord tumorsABSTRACT -Between 1993 and 1999, in the Divisions of Neurosurgery of the Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças and the Hospital de Clínicas in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 35 patients harboring intramedullary spinal cord tumors who were submitted to microsurgery were analyzed. There were 24 males (68.6%) and average age was 32.9 years. The main location, with 40% of cases, was the thoracic level, followed by cervical and cervico-thoracic levels with 25.7%. Neurological exam, carried out between 6 and 12 months after surgery, showed that 42.9% of patients improved, 34.3% were stable and 22.9% presented neurological worsening. Total resection was obtained in 57.2% of cases and subtotal in 37.1%. In 5.7% of patients a biopsy was the accomplished procedure. Total resection was more often obtained among patients with ependymomas (13 out of 17) than with astrocytomas (5 out of 12). However, degree of resection and tumor histology did not interfer in postoperative morbidity. Factors as sex, age and tumor's size also did not demonstrate significance in predicting prognostic after surgery, whereas tumor in a thoracic level was associated with higher morbidity (p=0.021). . Com o advento da ressonância magnética (RM) e com a evolução das modernas técnicas microcirúrgicas, os resultados pós-operatórios melhoraram significativamente. Embora os resultados cirúrgicos estejam diretamente relacionados ao estado neurológico pré-operatório do paciente e ao grau de malignidade do tumor. Quanto a outros fatores prognósticos, os dados são discordantes na literatura [7][8][9][10][11] . Neste estudo, são analisados fatores que eventualmente interfiram na ressecção e na morbidade cirúrgica.
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