The occurrence of tool wear in machining is a natural phenomenon that cause failure. The deformation during cutting at the interface between the tool face and workpiece tends to generate high cutting temperature. The application of flood coolant to reduce the friction at the tool-work piece may create several environmental problems. The introduction of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) as an alternative technique which is the process of pulverizing a very small amount of oil (< 30ml/h) can be regarded as replacement of dry machining while it may also be considered as an alternative to flood cooling. The effect of vegetable oil lubricant and cutting speed on tool wear and surface integrity were the research scope. Three machine speed; 120, 141, and 174 m/min were used in the experimental setup on mild steel and carbon steel on work material using cemented carbide tools. The result of surface roughness and tool wear using canola oil mixing with 2 weight percent (wt%) of Zinc-dialkyl-dithio-phosphate (ZDDP) were compared against synthetic oil coolant. Comparison results show that canola oil mix can perform better compare to the synthetic oil coolant in term of surface finish. From tool wear perspective, canola oil mix show 26.5% smaller area compare to the synthetic oil coolant.

Machining is the process where the material on the surface of the workpiece is being removed through application of force and relative moment. Machining process involves a lot of process parameters. The utmost important thing in machining process is to achieve accurate dimensions and good surface finish where its lead to produce the high-quality product. A good surface finish is one of the factors that greatly influence manufacturing cost and also describes the geometry of the machined surface combine with the surface texture. This experimental research has been conducted in order to determine the optimum parameter involved that could affect the Concentricity and Coaxiality value by using Taguchi Method. To select the cutting parameters properly, the researcher collects the previous study to select the cutting parameters involving in Boring Operation of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Lathe machine. Based on the collected previous study, it is shown that best cutting parameters used for the boring process are cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut and using these cutting parameters as the controllable factor in this experiment. The researcher also uses the different type of materials which are Aluminum Alloy 6061, Mild Steel and Carbon Steel. This experiment also used only one type of cutting tools which is cemented coated carbide. Taguchi Method approach has been used to achieve the best-intended models and analyze the optimum parameter for the boring process by measure its concentricity and coaxiality of the workpiece. There are 9 workpieces been run in Conventional Lathe machine after been designed from the Computer-Aided Design (CAD). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and main effect plot been analyzed to find out the significant factor that affects the concentricity and coaxiality.

This research outlines an experimental study to determine the optimum parameter of cutting tool for the best surface roughness (Ra) of Aluminum Alloy (AA) 6063. For the experiment in this research, cutting parameters such as cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate are used to identify the effect of both cutting tools which are tungsten carbide and cermet towards the surface roughness (Ra) of material AA6063. The machining operation involved to cut the material is turning process by using Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Lathe machine. The experimental design was designed by Full Factorial. The experiment that had been conducted by the researcher is 33 with 2 replications. The total number of the experiments that had been run is 54 runs for each cutting tool. Thus, the total number of experiments for both cutting tools is 108 runs. ANOVA analysis had been analyzed to identify the significant factor that affect the Ra result. The significant factors that affect the Ra result of AA6063 are feed rate and cutting speed. The researcher used main effect plot to determine the factor that most influenced the surface roughness of AA6063, the optimum condition of surface roughness and the optimum parameter of cutting tool. The factor that most influenced the surface roughness of AA6063 is feed rate. The optimum condition of surface roughness is at the feed rate of 0.05 mm/rev, cutting speed of 600 rpm and depth of cut of 0.10 mm. While the optimum parameter of cutting tool is cermet insert with the lowest value of surface roughness (Ra) result which is 0.650 μm.