Introduction Many studies have suggested a link between vitamin D deficiency and the development of other atopic diseases like allergic rhinitis (AR). AR can lead to sleep disturbance, fatigue, depressed mood, and compromised cognitive function, which can impair the quality of life and productivity in many people. Objective We aimed to determine the association between vitamin D levels and AR and the effect of vitamin D on atopy markers. Methods All patients with AR who were diagnosed, treated, and followed up at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from January 2012 to January 2020 were included in the study. Our exclusion criteria were as follows: pediatric patients, patients with insufficient follow-up data, patients with no atopy markers, patients with comorbid conditions affecting their serum vitamin D levels, and patients with a history of taking medications that affect serum vitamin D levels. Results Fifty-five adult patients with AR were included in the study. Patients with vitamin D deficiency were more likely to have uncontrolled AR. Regarding the effect of vitamin D deficiency on atopy markers, there was no statistically significant relationship between vitamin D deficiency and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. However, serum eosinophil levels were significantly higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion Our results showed that vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with uncontrolled AR; there was a statistically significant relationship between vitamin D deficiency and eosinophil levels, but no significant relationship between vitamin D deficiency and serum IgE was found.

Laryngeal hemangiomas are rare vascular tumors that mostly present in children. The objective of this publication is to shed the light over this rare diagnosis. We report a case of adult onset of laryngeal hemangioma arising from the junction of the vocal fold and vocal process. The patient presented with a history of hoarseness of voice. An in-office laryngoscopy was performed that revealed a pink lobulated mass arising from the left hemilarynx. Intraoperatively, suspension microlaryngoscopy was performed; the lesion was identified and successfully resected using cold dissection technique. Histopathological analysis was consistent with laryngeal hemangioma. The patient is now a year post resection and remains asymptomatic without signs of recurrence. To conclude, adult onset of laryngeal hemangioma is very rare. When present, resection with either or both cold steel (microscissors) and laser have shown good outcome. Patients should be monitored afterwards for possible recurrence.

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is a well-recognized malignancy of the head and neck. Studies on patients with early-stage oral cancer have shown that they develop locally recurring and/or regional lymph node metastasis, which results in disease-associated mortality. Thus, early-stage oral cancer does not always present good prognoses. The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of using worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) and other histopathological features, such as prognostic factors in OCSCC, and analyze the impact of resection margin status and histopathological prognostic indicators on local recurrence (LR) and overall survival (OS) in patients with OCSCC. A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing the charts of 63 patients with OCSCC treated with primary surgery at King Abdulaziz University Hospital between 2012 and 2019. An author and an experienced pathologist reviewed pathology slides. Associations of histopathological factors, including differentiation, stage, lymphovascular invasion, extracapsular extension, perineural invasion (PNI), WPOI and surgical margins, with LR or disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated. Univariate analysis identified WPOI and PNI, and multivariate analysis identified the WPOI as predictive factors for LR and DFS. Kaplan-Meier analysis identified the WPOI and PNI as predictive factors for OS and WPOI as a predictive factor for DFS. Therefore, it may be concluded that WPOI and PNI are significant independent prognostic factors for local tumor control and DFS in patients with OCSCC.

Objectives There is a lack of robust evidence in regards to whether the intra and post-operative safety and efficacy of conventional curettage adenoidectomy is better than those of other available surgical techniques. Therefore, this study was conducted as a systematic review and network meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with the aim of comparing the safety and efficacy of conventional curettage adenoidectomy with all other available adenoidectomy techniques. Materials and methods A systematic search of published articles was performed in 2021 using databases such as PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library. All RCTs that compared conventional curettage adenoidectomy with other surgical techniques and were published in English between 1965 and 2021 were included. The quality of the included RCTs have been assessed using Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Results After screening 1494 articles, 17 were identified for comparing several adenoidectomy techniques and were eligible for quantitative analysis. Of those, 9 RCTs were analyzed for intraoperative blood loss, and 6 articles were included for post-operative bleeding. Furthermore; 14, 10, and 7 studies were included for surgical time, residual adenoid tissue, and postoperative complications respectively. Endoscopic-assisted microdebrider adenoidectomy yielded a statistically significantly greater estimate of intraoperative blood loss compared with conventional curettage adenoidectomy (mean difference [MD], 92.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 28.3–157.1), suction diathermy (MD, 117.1; 95% CI 37.2–197.1). Suction diathermy had the highest cumulative probability of being the preferred technique because it was estimated to result in the least intraoperative blood loss. Electronic molecular resonance adenoidectomy was estimated to be more likely to result in the shortest surgical time (mean rank, 2.2). Participants in the intervention group were 97% less likely to have residual adenoid tissue than children in the conventional curettage group (odds ratio 0.03; 95% CI 0.01–0.15); therefore, conventional curettage was not considered an appropriate technique for complete removal of adenoid tissue. Conclusion There is no single technique that can be considered best for all possible outcomes. Therefore, otolaryngologists should make an appropriate choice after critically reviewing the clinical characteristics of children requiring adenoidectomy. Findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis may guide otolaryngologists when making evidence-based decisions regarding the treatment of enlarged and symptomatic adenoids in children.