Catalytic cracking and hydroprocessing are two processes used to convert vegetable oil into biofuel, the combination of the two processes is called the hydrocracking reaction. Bintaro oil which is non-edible oil and has a considerable oil content of 35-50% can be recommended as a source of vegetable oil that can be processed into biogasoil. Catalyst preparation was carried out using the incipient wetness impregnation method. The loading support variable HZSM-5 used is 5% and 10%, and the Ni-Cu metal ratio is 1: 2. Ni-Cu / HZSM-5 catalyst was analyzed using BET, EDX, and XRD to determine the characteristics of the catalyst. Furthermore, the hydrocracking process was carried out by mixing 2 grams of Ni-Cu / HZSM-5 catalyst and 250 ml of Bintaro oil into a stirred batch reactor at a reaction temperature of 375 °C for 2 hours. The liquid product (biofuel) produced from the hydrocracking process was analyzed using GC-MS to determine the hydrocarbon composition. The reaction routes that dominate in this study are the decarbonylation and decarboxylation reactions. This can be seen from the largest hydrocarbon composition of the biofuel products that are C15 and C17. The highest value of biofuel selectivity was obtained by loading support at 5%, namely 0.6% gasoline, 5.4% kerosene, and 92.6% gasoil.

Catalytic cracking dan hydroprocessing merupakan dua proses yang digunakan untuk mengubah minyak nabati menjadi biofuel, gabungan dari kedua proses tersebut dinamakan reaksi hydrocracking. Minyak bintaro yang bersifat non-edibleoil serta memiliki kadar minyak cukup banyak yakni sebesar 35-50% dapat direkomendasikan sebagai salah satu sumber minyak nabati yang dapat diolah menjadi biogasoil. Penambahan logam nikel (Ni) dan tembaga (Cu) ialah untuk memperoleh yield yang lebih baik daripada menggunakan satu jenis katalis. Preparasi katalis dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode incipient wetness impregnation. Variabel loading support HZSM-5 yang digunakan sebesar 5% dan 10%, serta ratio logam Ni-Cu yaitu 1:1. Katalis Ni-Cu/HZSM-5 dianalisa menggunakan BET, EDX, dan XRD untuk mengetahui karakteristik katalis. Selanjutnya proses hydrocracking dilakukan dengan mencampurkan 2 gram katalis Ni- Cu/HZSM-5 dan 250 ml minyak bintaro ke dalam reaktor batch berpengaduk pada suhu reaksi 375 ̊C selama 2 jam. Produk cair (biofuel) yang dihasilkan dari proses hydrocracking dianalisa menggunakan GC-MS untuk mengetahui komposisi hidrokarbon. Rute reaksi yang mendominasi dalam penelitian ini ialah reaksi dekarbinolasi dan dekarboksilasi. Hal itu terlihat dari komposisi hidrokarbon terbanyak dari produk biogsoil yang dihasilkan ialah C15 dan C17. Hasil dari penelitian diperoleh Ni-Cu/HZSM-5 dengan loading 5% dan ratio logam 1:1 optimum digunakan pada proses hydrocracking minyak bintaro untuk menghasilkan biogasoil dengan yield sebesar 82,7%.

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Increasing population in a city is directly proportional to the increasing demand for land for development. This is inversely proportional to the water catchment area which is decreasing due to land conversion. The water that was supposed to come through the ground turned into a surface stream and overloaded the urban drainage channels. This study analyzes the travel time value (Tc) of the build-up area which will be compared with the peak time value (Tp) in the persiil drainage flow. Results of these Tc and Tp calculation values are then combined to create a linear equation of the influence of watershed characteristics with the large change of land across the city of Surabaya. The linear equations formula analyzed in each district indicate different values. This is due to the influence of differences in the slope of topography and watershed area on each district in Surabaya. The channel scattered throughout the city has different and separate drainage systems from one another depending on the location of its district. This then becomes a consideration to form a formulation of development requirements regarding the relationship of the area of the build-up area with the peak time and volume of the reservoir based on the characteristics of each in order to minimize the flood.

The design of facility layout in an industry becomes an important part of the production process. The layout of pastry facilities at "PT Surya Indah Food Multi rasa" is expected not still give optimum results because of in nonsequential production flows that occur in the formation of dough, oven, squash and finished products. The purpose of the study was to make a layout that fits the order of process flow by designing through the Blocplan-90 application. The study was conducted in November 2018 until February 2019. The Blocplan method is one of an easy computer operating the system by using manually entering facility data. The data needed is in the form of a map of the operation process, a linkage diagram of activities. The results of the initial layout data processing resulted in R-Score 0.78 and the proposed improvement with automatic search resulted in R-Score 0.98. The design of the proposed improvement is more optimal with the value of R-Score approaching the value of 1(one). Changes in the layout of the facility occur in squash which is closer to mixing and weighing materials and oven facilities close to the finished product.