Context: The structural and functional components of the foot are composed of highly refined interrelated segments which provide a stable base for supporting the body in both load support and shock absorption during standing, running, walking and jumping. The study was aimed to measure the foot of adult Santhal males of Pirganj upazilla, Rangpur to find out to racial characteristics of their own and compare with Bangalee adult males of the same area. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 60 (sixty) adult male Santhals and 120 (one hundred and twenty) adult male Bangalees. Foot length, foot breadth and foot height was measured. Foot index was calculated and foot shape was determined. Results: Height, length and breadth of foot were higher in Bangalees than Santhals and showed a significantly higher value for the foot length. Regarding the foot shape, slender foot was found more in Bangalees but most of these two groups have standard foot shape. Conclusion: In the present study significantly higher value of foot length and higher percentage of slender foot in Bangalees but higher percentage of broad foot among the Santhals were found . Slender foot in Bangalees may be due to less weight bearing habit than Santhals. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i1.20506 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, January 2013, Vol. 11 No. 1 pp 30-33

Context: Variations in the morphology of the gallbladder have long been debated by the abdominal surgeons. So it is important for the surgeons to appreciate the possible anatomical variations that can be encountered during surgery to prevent post operative complications during cholecystectomy. This study was aimed at to find out any variations in the morphology of the postmortem gallbladder in adult Bangladeshi male and female to find out any difference in the gallbladder morphology in relation to age and sex. Material & methods: This study was done on sixty (60) human postmortem gallbladder from Bangladeshi male and females of two age groups- group A age between 20-40 years and group B age between 41-65 years. Among the morphological parameters length, breadth, thickness and volume of the gallbladders were measured. Result: Result of the present study showed that the mean values of gross morphological features of the gall bladder (length, breadth, thickness, volume & weight), were higher in group B than group A except the thickness in female which show somewhat higher mean value in group A than group B. The result showed significantly high value for length and volume in case of male only (p<.05) in group B than group A. When comparison were made between these values in regard of sex, it was found that males of group B showed higher mean value for all parameters than females of group B and result showed a significantly higher value for the length of gallbladder(p<.05). But in case of group A, whereas male had higher mean value for length and weight and, female had higher mean value for breadth, thickness and volume though no values were significantly different. Conclusion: The higher mean values of different parameters of the gallbladder in elderly males and also from their female counterparts of the same age groups may be due to shorter size of the females. Again some parameters showed higher values in females (breadth, thickness and volume) which may indicate the predominance of cholelithiasis in females. Again most of the values in male and female of elderly were higher than the younger groups indicate the formation of gallstones in elderly. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20676 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 81-85

Context: The relationship between height and long bone differs according to race, age, sex and size of the body. Anthropometric studies of bones convey information regarding race, sex, age and stature of a person. This information is of immense interest to the anatomist in the academic field as well as medico legal work. Climates, heredity, nutritional status of population are reported to have an effect on stature and length of long bones. The study was aimed at to the anthropometric measurement of stature and length of different segments of lower limb of adult Santhal males of Pirganj upazilla, Rangpur to find out any racial characteristics of their own and compared with Bangalee adult males of the same area to find out any racial variations between these two groups of populations. Materials and Methods: Stature is the standing height of a person. The study was done on 60 adult male Santhals and 120 adult male Bangalees. Measurements stature and different lower limb segment length (upper leg segment length, lower leg segment length, leg segment length) was done. Results :It was seen from the result of the present study that though height and upper leg segment length was higher in Bangalees than the Santhals, the lower leg segment length and leg segment length was significantly higher in the Bangalee males than the Santhals. Conclusion: The present study shows that the lower leg segment length and leg segment length was significantly higher in the Bangalee males than Santhals due to nutritional deficiency. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20674 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 71-76