Respiratory viruses have led to many deaths and hospitalizations per year in the world. The influenza virus is one of the most important respiratory viruses. Recently, metabolic studies in viral infections have been widely studied by scientists.Metabolomics states the metabolites present in a living organism under certain conditions. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were spinoculated using a virus produced by the Madin-Darby canine kidney cell culture system, and cells were harvested following spinoculation by the influenza virus. Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed by Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation.Metabolites were extracted using organic and water approaches. Metabolic profiling was performed by a nontargeted technique using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariate analysis methods were used to determine the main variables. the metabolic pathways involved were determined using databases. Results of the present study showed changes in biosynthesis pathways such as lipids, polyamines, catecholamines, and vitamins. Findings also showed that it is possible to

Background Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer so its early detection can lead to a significant decrease in mortality rate. However, prognostic factors for IDC are not adequate and we need novel markers for the treatment of different individuals. Although positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques are available, they are based on morphological features that do not provide any clue for molecular events accompanying cancer progression. In recent years, “omics” approaches have been extensively developed to propose novel molecular signatures of cancers as putative biomarkers, especially in biofluids. Therefore, a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics investigation was performed to find some putative metabolite markers of IDC and potential metabolites with prognostic value related to the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, lymphovascular invasion, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Methods An untargeted metabolomics study of IDC patients was performed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The multivariate principal component analysis by XCMS online built a model that could separate the study groups and define the significantly altered m/z parameters. The most important biological pathways were also identified by pathway enrichment analysis. Results The results showed that the significantly altered metabolites in IDC serum samples mostly belonged to amino acids and lipids. The most important involved pathways included arginine and proline metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. Conclusions Significantly altered metabolites in IDC serum samples compared to healthy controls could lead to the development of metabolite-based potential biomarkers after confirmation with other methods and in large cohorts.

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