Introduction:The role of individual healthy behaviors like physical activity, nutrition and stress management on reduction of rate of disease mortality and morbidity is well known. The aim of this study is to determine healthy life style in teachers employed in district No.4 in Isfahan, Iran, in 2010.Materials and Methods:The participants of this cross-sectional study were 96 teachers in district No. 4, selected via random sampling method. The data collection was performed using a questionnaire including demographic healthy lifestyle questions. Analysis of the data was performed through Software SPSS version 18.Results:The mean age of the subjects was 40.26 ± 6.05 years and, BMI mean was 25.08 ± 3.20. 96.8% of them were married and 3.1% also were single. 1% of the teachers had a weak lifestyle, 13.5%had moderate, 85.4% had a good lifestyle. In terms of nutrition, 2% of the teachers had a weak lifestyle, 23% moderate, 74% good. 76% in terms of physical activity, 29.2% smoking and 21.9% stress had a weak lifestyle.Conclusion:According to the results, planning for teachers in school for receiving information about healthy lifestyle is important.

Objectives To investigated the effect of Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on expression of proteins that regulate apoptosis in newborn piglet brain following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Methods The newborn piglets were assigned to three groups: 1/DHCA (30 min of DHCA, 1hr of low-flow CPB), 2/DHCA with prior injection of G-CSF (17µg/kg 2hrs before CPB) and 3/sham-operated. After 2hrs of post-bypass recovery the frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus were dissected. The expression of proteins was measured by gel electrophoresis or protein arrays. Data are presented in arbitrary units. Statistical analysis was performed using one way ANOVA. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results In the frontal cortex, only Fas-L expression was significantly lower in G-CSF group when compared with DHCA group. In the hippocampus, G-CSF increased Bcl-2 (54.3±6.4 vs. 32.3±2.2, p=0.001) and pAkt (141.4±19 vs. 95.9±21.1, p=0.047) when compared to DHCA group. Caspase-3, Bax, Fas, Fas-L, DR6 and pJAK2 levels were unchanged. The Bcl-2/Bax ratio was 0.33 for DHCA and 0.93 for G-CSF groups (p=0.02). In the striatum, when compared to DHCA group, G-CSF group had higher levels of Bcl-2 (50.3±7.4 vs. 31.8±3.8, p=0.01), pAkt (132.7±12.3 vs. 14±1.34, p=2.3×106), pJAK2 (126±17.4 vs.77.9±13.6, p=0.011), and lower Caspase-3 (12.8±5.0 vs. 32.2±11.5, p=0.033), Fas (390±31 vs. 581±74, p=0.038), Fas-L (20.5±11.5 vs. 57.8±15.6, p=0.04) and DR6 (57.4± 4.4 vs. 108.8±13.4, p=0.007). The Bcl-2/Bax ratio was 0.25 for DHCA and 0.44 for G-CSF groups (p=0.046). Conclusions In the piglet model of hypoxic brain injury, G-CSF decreases pro-apoptotic signaling, particularly in the striatum.

Background:Quality gap is the gap between client's understanding and expectations. The first step in removing this gap is to recognize client's understanding and expectations of the services. This study aimed to determine women's viewpoint of quality gap in primary health care centers of Isfahan.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on women who came to primary health care centers in Isfahan city. Sample size was 1280 people. Service Quality was used to collect data including tangible dimensions, confidence, responsiveness, assurance and sympathy in providing services. Data were analyzed by t test and chi square test.Results:The results showed that women had controversy over all 5 dimensions. The least mean quality gap was seen in assurance (-11.08) and the highest mean quality gap was seen in tangible dimension (-14.41). The difference between women's viewpoint in all 5 dimensions was significant. (P < 0.05)Conclusion:Negative difference means clients’ expectations are much higher than their understanding of the current situation, so there is a large space to improve services and satisfy clients.

Objective To determine the effect of recovery with mild hypothermia after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) on the activity of selected key proteins involved in initiation (Bax, Caspase-3) or inhibition of apoptotic injury (Bcl-2, increased ratio Bcl-2/Bax) in the brain of newborn piglets. Methods The piglets were placed on CPB, cooled with pH-stat management to 18 °C, subjected to 30 min of DHCA followed by 1 h of low flow at 20 ml/kg/min, rewarmed to 37 °C (normothermia) or to 33 °C (hypothermia), separated from CPB, and monitored for 6 h. Expression of above proteins was measured in striatum, hippocampus and frontal cortex by Western blots. The results are mean for six experiments ± SEM. Results There were no significant differences in Bcl-2 level between normothermic and hypothermic groups. The Bax levels in normothermic group in cortex, hippocampus and striatum were 94 ± 9, 136 ± 22 and 125 ± 34 and decreased in the hypothermic group to 59 ± 17 ( p = 0.028), 70 ± 6 (p = 0.002) and 48 ± 8 (p = 0.01). In cortex, hippocampus and striatum Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased from 1.23, 0.79 and 0.88 in normothermia to 1.96, 1.28 and 2.92 in hypothermia. Expression of Caspase-3 was 245 ± 39, 202 ± 74 and 244 ± 31 in cortex, hippocampus and striatum in the normothermic group and this decreased to 146 ± 24 ( p = 0.018), 44 ± 16 ( p = 7 × 10−7) and 81 ± 16 ( p = 0.01) in the hypothermic group. Conclusion In neonatal piglet model of cardiopulmonary bypass with circulatory arrest, mild hypothermia during post bypass recovery provides significant protection from cellular apoptosis, as indicated by lower expression of Bax and Caspase-3 and an increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. The biggest protection was observed in striatum probably by decreasing of neurotoxicity of striatal dopamine.

Background:The prevalence of self-medication is high all over the world, especially in Iran. But there is a paucity of studies to explore self-medication activities among the university students. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the self-medication among student in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, based on Health Belief Model (HBM).Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in 197 medical students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences who were randomly chosen by a stratified random sampling method in 2009. The data were collected using a validated and reliable questionnaire based on HBM. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (ver. 16). Descriptive and analytical statistics (independent t-test and test) were used. A two-tailed P value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The mean and standard deviation of participants’ age was 22.00 ± 2.77 years. 67.3% of the sample consisted of females. The mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barrier were 80.36 ± 18.29, 40.92 ± 13.89, 61.48 ± 19.03, 59.11 ± 18.46, and 30.36 ± 12.40, respectively. According to the results, 84.98% of students had experienced self-medication at least for one disease during the past 6 months.Conclusions:The prevalence of self-medication in medical students is high and we can consider it as a health problem. So, we need educational interventions for the students, using HBM constructs.