Ritalin misuse can create powerful stimulant effects and serious health risks. The main aim of present study was compared that two cognitive construct (behavioral intention or behavioral willingness) for predicting Ritalin misuse. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 264 Iranian medical college students; participants selected in random sampling, and data were collected by using self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 at 95% significant level. Our findings showed, the three predictor variables of (1) attitude, (2) subjective norms, and (3) prototype accounted for 29% of the variation in intention and 25% of the variation in willingness to Ritalin misuse. In addition, behavioral intention was a stronger prediction factor compared to willingness for Ritalin misuse, with odds ratio estimate of 1.607 [95% CI: 1.167, 2.213]. There is some support to use the prototype willingness model to design interventions to improve individuals’ beliefs that academic goals are achievable without the misuse of Ritalin.

Quality of Life (QOL) in opiate-addicted patients who are receiving methadone maintenance therapy is one of the important issues to be considered in the treatment of addiction. To determine a needs assessment using the PRECEDE model to find out factors related to QOL among Iranian male opiate addicts. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kermanshah, Iran in 2013. A total of 762 male opiate addicts, who were referred to addiction treatment centers for receiving methadone maintenance treatment, were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study. SF-12, predisposing factors, enabling factors, reinforcement factors, and methadone maintenance treatment intention were used to find the related factors. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software (ver. 21.0) using the t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), bivariate correlations, and linear regression at 95% significant level. Linear regression analysis showed the determinant variable accounted for 17% of the variation in QOL. Our findings suggest, providing social support for addicts could be beneficial results for the increasing quality of life among them.

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Classification of laser weld penetration based on measurements of selected process emissions was investigated. Optical, acoustic and charged particle emissions were measured during CO2 laser welding of thin sheet steel butt joints over a range of laser power and travel speed. The values of the operating parameters were chosen so as to produce both full and partial penetration welds. The various sensor signals were compared to each other and were found to be significantly (but not totally) correlated. The frequency spectra of the signals from the full and partial penetration welds were processed using linear discriminant analysis. This statistical technique is designed to separate data corresponding to different conditions, facilitating recognition of the different conditions from measured signals. It was found that linear discriminant analysis of combinations of the plasma charge plus acoustic signals as well as all three sensor signals in combination produced a good separation between signals from full and partial penetration welds. It was estimated that a laser weld monitor based on this approach would distinguish weld penetration condition with 88%–98% reliability.

Background: The diabetic foot complication is further complicated by some UN desired and wrong practices of such as Socio-cultural myths of walking barefoot and religious belief of walking on fire etc. Sometimes inappropriate use of footwear and lack of awareness regarding proper foot care during diabetes mellitus also make the foot complication severe [1].Objective: The specific objectives of this research work are: To assess knowledge of Diabetic foot self -care among patients attending Diabetic clinic at LGH Hospital Lahore.Methodology: A structured questionnaire with demographic variables and causes variables was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21.Result: A high percentages of participants stated that mentioned factors causing medication errors among nurses. Conclusion:It is concluded that some people do not know good practice for the disease, so it is important for an organization to provide enough knowledge about the disease for better health and good practice.