Chest drain are inserted to help treat various conditions like pneumothorax, empyema and pleural effusion etcetera. It is also very much indicated after chest trauma and thoracic surgeries. Objective: To determine the effect of chest drain management guidelines on knowledge and practices among Nurses at Services Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: One group Pre-post quasi experimental design was used. The study was conducted from December 2021 to April 2022 at the thoracic surgery, medical and surgical ICUS department of services hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Thirty-six registered nurses were selected by convenience sampling from services hospital Lahore according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected from the participants by adopted, valid, and reliable tools. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the pre-post data that contained 25 true false-based knowledge questions and checklist containing 13 items were used to assess the level of practice of nurses before and after guidelines-based educational intervention. Results: The results revealed a positive effect of educational guidelines on improving the knowledge and practice of nurses about chest drain management with Mean ± S.D(8.83±1.69; 19.08 ±2.53) (4.92±1.73; 10.97±0.74) in post-test respectively with statistically significant p-value (p-value <0.001). Conclusions: The education of nurses by educational guidelines have a significant effect on improving nurses’ knowledge and practice about chest drain management.

Globally, the majority of demographic groups are experiencing an increase in mortality rates owing to renal illness and failure. Those who agree to donate a kidney undergo the transplantation procedure. In order to lengthen life and improve quality of life, a healthy organ is transplanted into a recipient with a damaged, failing, or dysfunctional organ. Objective: To assess knowledge of nurses regarding kidney donation in tertiary care hospital. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. For collecting data, convenient sampling technique was used. A questionnaire was used to test nurses' knowledge about kidney donation and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Most of the people who took the survey, 55%, said they knew little or nothing about kidney donation. 53 % of the patients had negative feelings about kidney organ donation, and there was no link between their knowledge and their feelings in this area. 36.9% of the people who took part in the research said that the fact that the recipient was a family member was the most important thing, and 68.6% said they would rather give their organ to a family member if they needed one. Conclusions: This study showed that nurses aren't aware of kidney donation enough and have a negative view of it. Urgent steps must be taken to change the current situation.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the collection of chronic metabolic disease that are all defined by high blood sugar levels with either an inability to make insulin, a resistance to its effect, or both. Objective: To determine the knowledge and self-care practices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to evaluate the association of socio demographic with knowledge and self-care practices regarding diabetic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the endocrine department of Lahore General Hospital. 208 nurses made up the estimated sample size for this investigation. The data were gathered using a convenient sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS version24. Results: The results of study showed that majority of participants 180(86.5%) had poor knowledge regarding diabetic retinopathy and only 28(13.5%) had good knowledge regarding diabetic retinopathy. There was no association between knowledge and socio demographic characteristics of participants as p-value was greater than 0.05. Majority of the participants 132(63.5%) had incompetent practices and only 71(34.1%) had good practices. There was no association between practice and socio demographic characteristics of participants as p-value was greater than 0.05. Conclusions: According to the study's findings, diabetic retinopathy was poorly understood by Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients. The study's findings also show that there was no correlation between knowledge, self-care behaviors, and participant demographics.

Nosocomial infections influence patients’ lives over lengthy hospitalization, illness, and death, following important costs to both health organizations and society. Evidence-based practice is observed as a system to carry out health care that is additionally effective and important in the current health care setting.  Objective: To identify the level of evidence-based practices of nurses regarding nosocomial infection in the intensive care units. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. The population was the ICU staff nurses of the Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore. The duration of the study with 09 months after the synopsis approval. The sample size of 72 nurses has calculated a population size 95 confidence interval and a margin of error of 5%. A convenient sampling Technique was used in this study. The questionnaire was consisting of 4 items and 31 questions. Ethical Considerations were maintained. Data were kept confidential and secure by coding. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21. Results: The highest percentage of staff nurses in this study were females (98.6%) and aged between 26-35 years (76.4%) and  diploma holder were (69.4%). Nurses who have experience less than 10 years were 45.8%. Most of the participants were performing hand hygiene practicing frequently  (59.7%) whereas (16.7%) were performing rarely before contact with patient. Highest percentage of participants (77.8%) were using personal protective equipment’s. Conclusions: Evidence-Based Knowledge related to nosocomial infection is adequate among nurses. Hand hygiene performance is adequate as compared to international standards.

Infection in healthcare facilities is an alarming public health problem in most growing countries. Hospital infections are the most significant worldwide complication of healthcare delivery.  Objectives:  To acquire a deeper understanding of infection control nurses' perspectives on the barriers regarding the infection control practices at the tertiary care hospitals Lahore. Methods: A qualitative exploratory research approach was utilized. Data was collected from the infection control nurses. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data from the 10 study participants through purposive sampling technique. Each interview was transcribed. The data were manually analyzed before being processed by NVIVO. Results:  A thematic analysis was conducted to determine the themes and sub themes through Braun and Clark's (2006) concept of thematic analysis. The researcher identified three major themes and few minor. The major themes were organization related barriers, health care workers related barriers and patients and family related barriers. Organization lack of facilities was among the top barriers to infection prevention and control. Conclusions:  Most of the participants had good and enough information regarding the infection prevention and control programs, but it doesn’t mean that these activities and implementations will be practiced in routine manners. Three major themes with different barriers were identified. Themes well explained regarding barriers in implementing infection control practices in both public and private hospitals.