Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not individuals with LP also had a high incidence of diabetic mellitus (DM) and/or glucose intolerance. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Abbottabad Medical Complex Hospital, Abbottabad in the duration from April, 2021 to October, 2021. Methods: Total 67 patients of both gender had lichen planus were presented in this study. After getting informed written consent detailed demographics of enrolled cases included age, sex, body mass index and duration of LP were recorded. Fasting blood sugar levels between 100 and 125 mg/dL (5.6 and 7.0 mmol/L) were considered to be indicative of impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Frequency of DM and glucose intolerance were recorded. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: In this study, 36 (53.7%) were males and 31 (46.3%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 51.3±17.87 years and had mean BMI 26.08±12.63 kg/m2. Mean duration of LP was 3.9±10.29 years. There were 28 (41.8%) cases had classic lichen planus, followed by ashy dermatosis, hypertrophic, oral lichen planus, nail and actinic. We found that 17 (25.4%) patients had diabetes mellitus type II and 20 (29.9%) cases had glucose intolerance. We found a significant relationship between LP and DM in our cases with p value <0.004. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the patients of lichen planus had higher frequency of DM type -2 and glucose intolerance. There was a close relationship between lichen planus and DM among all cases. There is need to evaluate patients early for treatment in hospitals. Keywords: Glucose Intolerance, type-2 DM, Lichen planus

Objective: Purpose of this study aims to compare the efficacy of intradermal tranexamic acid (Ta) therapy for the treatment of melasma with that of a fluocinolone-based triple combination therapy (Hydroquinone 4%, Tretinoin 0.05%, Fluocinolone Acetonide 0.01%). Study Design: Comparative study Place and Duration: Islamic Internatiomal Medical College Rawalpindi & Shahida Islam Medical Institute, Lodhran during the period from June ,2021 to December 2021. Methods: There were 150 cases presented, including both sexes. All of the patients who were hospitalised for treatment had melasma. After obtaining agreement in writing, a thorough demographic profile was obtained. The patients were randomly split in half. Group A was treated with a fluocinolone-based triple combination (4% Hydroquinone, 0.05% Tretinoin, and 0.01% Fluocinolone Acetonide), while group B was treated with intradermal tranexamic acid (Ta). Effectiveness was measured by contrasting the two sets of results. Results: We found that 80 (53.3%) patients were females and 70 (46.7%) patients were females. Among 150 cases, 75 (50%) had age 18-30 years, 50 (33.3%) patients had age 31-40 years and 25 (16.7%) patients had age > 40 years. Frequency of mixed melasma was higher among all cases followed by dermal and epidermal plasma. Frequency of malar-type melasma was significantly higher. We found that reduction in MASI score in group B was higher 1.9 from baseline 14.7 as compared to group A 6.1. Post-treatment we found side effects in group A and there was no any adverse outcomes observed in group B. Conclusion: In this study, we found that intradermal tranexamic acid (TA) was an effective and safe technique for treating melasma, with no clinically relevant side effects and a substantial reduction in the MASI score. Keywords: Melasma, MASI, Triple combination, Intradermal tranexamic acid