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The global vaccination program provides hope for ending the present worldwide pandemic. Due to the current pandemic, COVID-19 vaccines must be delivered and administered to communities once supplies are available. However, there are significant challenges in the sourcing, allocation, distribution, and uptake of vaccinations. A successful vaccination program would necessitate adequate risk management across the vaccination supply chain. This article has collected the predictable risks of the COVID-19 vaccines considered within the vaccine delivery system framework. The risks are presented based on relevant literature. Hence, this work’s framework is expected to contribute to better risk management of vaccination programs and similar future projects.

The terms “hotspots,” “blackspot,” or “high‐risk” are normally used for an area on a road where the number of car accidents are far beyond the normal level and, more importantly, the causes of the incident always link to one or many specific reasons. Identifying these spots is helpful and may assist people in authority to implement corrective actions. To do the aforementioned, some decision‐support tools could be useful since they enable us to monitor the indicators that may lead to a car accident, same as the procedure engineers use to control production lines in factories. In this regard, control charts are utilized to identify blackspots. Although the method is low cost, and provides quick detection and statistical reliability level and, more importantly, uses online applications; however, it advised that the rate quality control method could be used on roads with the same geometry and traffic conditions. This research develops a hybrid method, based on accident type, for improving rate quality control method to overcome the shortcomings. Furthermore, the suggested framework considers crash severity and traffic volume that have not been taken into account in the rate quality control method yet. The case study evaluates how this framework is successful to identify blackspots, and based on the result in the real environment, it reveals that the proposed method could detect and identify the hotspots.

In recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in environmental awareness, due to concerns about sustainability. Designing an efficient supply chain network that fulfills the expectation of both business owners and customers and, at the same time, pays attention to environmental protection is becoming a trend in the commercial world. This study proposes a theoretical model incorporating vehicle routing problems (VRPs) into the typical CLSC (closed-loop supply chain) network architecture. This combination assists all operators to act more efficiently in terms of environmental protection and profitability. A mixed-integer-linear-programming model for CLSC network design with fuzzy and random uncertain data is developed to achieve the goals. The parameters of the CLSC network are also programmed using hybrid fuzzy-stochastic mathematical programming. The model is for a single product and a single timeframe. Several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed mixed-integer-linear-programming (MILP) model. This study also investigated probabilistic possibilities for recourse variables with a trapezoidal fuzzy number using a problem size of four cases. The result indicates that the model performed well in the numerical test, suggesting it can help the operation to be more profitable if this model is implemented in their daily routines.

Blue ocean strategy includes a consistent pattern of strategic thinking in the creation of new markets in various industries. This chapter examines how to create a blue ocean and its role in improving the construction industry. This is library research alongwith case study. It has been prepared based on information gathered from articles published in international journals and referring to large and reputable builder companies. In the concept of strategy, “Blue Ocean” is referred to two overall scope of blue and red ocean. In this chapter, we used the Kano method for evaluation and selection of the features in the construction industry and then, through a four-step approach, it was decided what features should be removed, innovated, enhanced or improved. Finally, using improved hybrid model of Kano and the pillars of the blue ocean strategy, we concluded that economic factors and psychological factors that impact on the consumers need investment and more attention.