Plant growth, nutrient uptake and yield can be sustained by the application of potassium fertilization. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of macronutrients accumulation of wheat about different potassium rates.The results revealed that the effect of different potassium levels on the growth and grain yield of wheat was significant. The application of potassium at 100% increased the most of the growth, yield components and accumulation of nutrients in wheat crop from 20−50% as compared to (control) the plots receiving no potassium application. In comparison to control, potassium application at 75% also significantly increased growth and yield components from 8−40%, however, potassium application of 50 and 25% increased the growth and yield components by 4−20%. As compared to plots receiving no potassium, application of potassium resulted 3−6% higher nitrogen content in grain and 2−11% higher nitrogen content in straw. While, potassium application increased the potassium contents by 50−154% in grain and 70-140% contents of potassium in straw as compared to control plots. However, in comparison to plots without potassium nutrition, application of potassium fertilization improved phosphorus contents by 2−10% in grain and 3-50% in straw of wheat crop. Among potassium levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were significant indicating that potassium at the rate of 100% was an optimum level for obtaining maximum grain yields in wheat crop. This study concluded that application of potassium nutrition increased the all growth, yield comonents and accumumation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in grain and straw of wheat crop.

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A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of conjunctive use of saline and fresh water on the growth and biomass of cotton crop and to observe varietal variability for salinity tolerance and ion contents of cotton genotypes. Four cotton genotypes (Sindh-1, BT-121, CRISS-494, CRISS-588) were irrigated with four treatments, C1 (control+ tape water), C2 (EC 4.0 dS m-1, throughout growth period), ( (six irrigation with C2 + six irrigation with C1), C3 (EC 8.0 dS m-1, throughout growth period), (six irrigation C1+ six irrigation C3), (six irrigation C3+ six irrigation C1), C4 (EC 12.0 dS m-1, throughout growth period), (six irrigation C1+ six irrigation C4). The results showed that highest fresh biomass, plant height, number of leaves plant-1, number of bolls and boll weight was obtained in the treatment where tape water was used. Whereas, these parameters were decrease significantly with the increasing salinity levels from 4 to 12 dS m-1 and when saline water was applied continuously throughout growth period. The cotton genotypes Sindh-1 and Bt-21 performed well under conjunctive use of saline and fresh water with maximum values in compare to genotypes CRIS 494 and 588. The Na+ and Cl- accumulation in cotton leaves and in soil significantly increased with rising EC levels of irrigation water. However, Na+ and Cl- contents were found more in CRIS 494 and CRIS 588 than Sindh-1 and Bt1. It is concluded that Sindh-1 and Bt-121 may be cultivated in saline areas with alternate irrigation.

Biowaste materials could be considered a renewable source of fertilizer if methods for recovering P from waste can be developed. Over the last few decades, there has been a high level of interest in using biochar to remove contaminants from aqueous solutions. This study was conducted using a range of salts that are commonly found in biogas slurry (ZnCl2, FeCl3, FeCl2, CuCl2, Na2CO3, and NaHCO3). Experiments with a biogas digester and aqueous solution were conducted at pH nine integration with NH4+, Mg2+, and PO43− molar ratios of 1.0, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively. The chemical analysis was measured to find out the composition of the precipitate, and struvite was employed to remove the aqueous solutions. The study found that the most efficient removal of phosphate and ammonium occurred at pH nine in Tongan sludge urban biochar and rice biochar, respectively. Increasing the concentration of phosphate and ammonium increased the phosphate and ammonium content. Moreover, increasing the biochar temperature and increasing the concentration of phosphate and ammonium increased the efficiency of the removal of ammonium and phosphate. The removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate increased from 15.0% to 71.0% and 18.0% to 99.0%, respectively, by increasing the dose of respective ions K+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and CO32.The elements were increased from 58.0 to 71.0 for HCO3− with the increasing concentration from 30 mg L−1 to 240 mg L−1.This study concluded that phosphate and ammonium can be recovered from mushroom soil biochar and rice biochar, and phosphate can be effectively recovered via the struvite precipitation method.

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