The risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules correlates with the presence of ultrasonographic features. In adults, ultrasound risk-classification systems have been proposed to indicate the need for further invasive diagnosis. Furthermore, elastography has been shown to support differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. The purpose of our study was to assess the application of the American Thyroid Association (ATA), British Thyroid Association (BTA) ultrasound risk-classification systems and strain elastography in the management of thyroid nodules in children and adolescents from one center. Seventeen nodules with Bethesda III, IV, V and VI were selected from 165 focal lesions in children. All patients underwent ultrasonography and elastography followed by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Ultrasonographic features according to the ATA and BTA stratification systems were assessed retrospectively. The strain ratio in the group of thyroid nodules diagnosed as malignant was significantly higher than in benign nodules (6.07 vs. 3.09, p = 0.036). According to the ATA guidelines, 100% of malignant nodules were classified as high suspicion and 73% of benign nodules were assessed as low suspicion. Using the BTA U-score classification, 80% of malignant nodules were classified as cancerous (U5) and 20% as suspicious for malignancy (U4). Among benign nodules, 82% were classified as indeterminate or equivocal (U3) and 9% as benign (U2). Our results suggest that application of the ATA or BTA stratification system and elastography may be a suitable method for assessing the level of suspected malignancy in thyroid nodules in children and help make a clinical decision about the need for further invasive diagnosis of thyroid nodules in children.
Introduction: Allergic contact dermatitis is a common dermatosis. It is associated with hypersensitivity to potentially harmless substances. Erythema multiforme-like lesions may be an atypical manifestation of non-eczematous allergic contact dermatitis. Objective: To present a case of a patient with erythema multiforme-like allergic contact dermatitis caused by the application of hairspray on the skin. Case report: A 70-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of erythema multiforme-like skin lesions that appeared 24 hours after using a new hairspray. Physical examination revealed erythematousedematous changes. They were accompanied by itching and burning sensations. Locally confluent foci of "targetoid" lesions were observed on the skin. The patient reported general fatigue and dyspnoea. Conclusions: Allergic contact dermatitis in form of erythema multiforme-like lesions occurs rarely. In our patient it was caused by application of hairspray. Coexistence of systemic symptoms is not unusual in such cases. Key words: allergic contact dermatitis with erythema multiforme morphology, hair spray, carob gum. streszczenie Wprowadzenie: Alergiczne kontaktowe zapalenie skóry jest częstą dermatozą. Zmiany przypominające rumień wielopostaciowy mogą być nietypową manifestacją alergicznego kontaktowego zapalenia skóry o morfologii niewypryskowej. Cel pracy: Przedstawienie przypadku pacjentki z prawdopodobnym alergicznym kontaktowym zapaleniem skóry manifestującym się zmianami przypominającymi rumień wielopostaciowy wywołanym zastosowaniem lakieru do włosów. Opis przypadku: Pacjentka 70-letnia została przyjęta do szpitala z powodu zmian skórnych typu rumienia wielopostaciowego, które pojawiły się 24 godziny po użyciu nowego lakieru do włosów. W badaniu przedmiotowym widoczne były zmiany rumieniowo-obrzękowe. Towarzyszyło im uczucie świądu i pieczenia. Na skórze obserwowano
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