W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań związanych z wykorzystaniem gliny nieprzetworzonej do konstrukcji przegród zewnętrznych w aspekcie ekonomiczno-środowiskowym. Jako alternatywne rozwiązanie przegród zewnętrznych przyjęto konstrukcję ścian zewnętrznych jednowarstwowych z betonu komórkowego o podwyższonej izolacyjności termicznej. Zakres analizy obejmował obliczenia cieplno-wilgotnościowe w celu dostosowania do obowiązujących standardów cieplnych przegród, analizę kosztów, a do weryfikacji przyjętych rozwiązań została wykorzystana metodologia obliczania charakterystyki energetycznej. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają, że analizowane rozwiązanie przegród z wykorzystaniem gliny w budynku jednorodzinnym może być dobrą alternatywą dla konwencjonalnych rozwiązań.

It is rather obvious that natural and cultural values are the main factors determining tourists' choices for holiday destinations [1][2]. Therefore, many countries use National Parks (NPs) to promote tourism [3]. Quoting Stokke et al. [4], "'National park' is an internationally understood label, which conjures up visions of beautiful places, high levels of visitor facilities, and general attractiveness." Research conducted in Norway's national parks showed that for 40% of foreign tourists, the arrival was directly related to the status of the areas as national parks [4]. An Australian report on Queensland NPs states that half of the tourists would not have come if the areas were not national parks [5]. Similar conclusions can be found in publications concerning Polish NPs [6][7].

Abstract. The article discusses the issue of low thermal insulation of partitions in large-panel prefabricated buildings. They were constructed mainly in the 70's and the 80's of the twentieth century. Defects related to freezing as well as vertical and horizontal joints of prefabricated walls, began to appear as early as in the very first years of operation. It was very burdensome for flat users due to lack of thermal comfort, mycological problems and rising heating costs. The thermovision analysis covered sections of panel partitions in real estate at Lazurowa Street in Warsaw, which is a four-storey multi-family building, constructed in large-panel system. The measurements were carried out in the periods of JanuaryFebruary 2016 before the thermal modernization of the building, and in January 2018 after its modernization and renovation of the flat. Before-and-after comparison of thermal insulation state was made on the basis of surface temperatures of crucial spots. Furthermore, after changes in the structure of external walls were finished, thermal comfort or discomfort in the analysed room were visualised, using graphs of the optimal temperature range of walls, ceiling and floor, depending on the air temperature in the room.

This article is an attempt to show changes which concern social state of inhabitants living in Biebrza National Park communes, in terms of their equipment of water supply and sewage system and accessibility to basic educational facilities, such as primary and junior high schools. Multi-indicator characteristics was performed for time interval equal to 13 years (from 2001 to 2014), with 3-5 year step, i.e: 2001, 2004, 2009, 2014. Information was based on statistical data of Central Statistical Office, available in Local Data Bank (LDB). The assessment of socio-spatial availability has been based on the measures showing the given indicator in relation to the area or the number of population. The conducted analysis allowed to show differences in life quality of inhabitants living in communes where development highly depend on environmental factors. Except for actual state, attached graphics show the rate of change for socio-technical infrastructure, which is basic for sustainable development.