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Background: Preterm labor (PL) is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Different factors can result in preterm labor, including maternal vitamin D. Objectives: Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the level of vitamin D in pregnant women with PL. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 156 pregnant women (52 cases with PL and 104 controls without PL) in Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan, Iran, in 2018. Results: The age was 30.92 ± 5.21 and 29.39 ± 4.86 years in the case and control groups, respectively. There were no significant (P-value > 0.05) differences between the two groups in baseline variables. Vitamin D supplement consumption (P-value = 0.128), sun exposure time (P-value = 0.304), history of admission in pregnancy (P-value = 0.608), and history of vaginal infection (P-value = 0.100) were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean vitamin D level was 30.88 and 31.93 ng/mL in pregnant women with and without PL, respectively, with no significant difference (P-value = 0.591). The mean babies' weight was significantly (P-value > 0.001) higher in the control group than in PL women (3338.75 ± 466.16 vs. 2655.76 ± 393.36 g). Conclusions: Although this study showed no association between vitamin D levels and PL, abnormal vitamin D levels might be related to PL in pregnant women with other comorbidities or risk factors.

pregnant women should be conducted to investigate different populations with different races/ethnicity and socioeconomic situations.

Struma ovarii is a rare ovarian lesion characterized by the presence of thyroid tissue. The symptoms of this tumor are nonspecific and thus misdiagnosis to other lesions are common. The initial footprint of the tumor is mostly based on incidental imaging, but definitive diagnosis is possible based on pathological studies.