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The purpose of the article is to define the risk factors in rail transport and to show that the lack of sufficient identification of risks in individual phases affects the implementation of this type of transport. A literature study has been conducted to identify key risk factors and their impact on rail transport in Poland. For this purpose, a list of railway accidents in 2010–2020 in which people were injured, or there were significant losses in terms of the environment was presented. The realization of the objective focused on research proceedings covering the theoretical and cognitive sphere. This study included an analysis of the existing theoretical heritage in the area of risk management processes in rail transport, as well as a survey of the empirical research, which concentrated on the identification and assessment of key factors that influence the realization of rail transport in Poland. The work is of a utilitarian nature, as the need for conscious risk management has been demonstrated in rail transport, and guidelines for risk management in rail transport have been developed. In addition, the paper presents the possibilities offered by modeling a problem situation with the help of network thinking methodology for solving complex problems, including supporting creativity on the example of railroad transport in Poland. To define problem situations in the studied area, a complex process of a multifaceted approach to the analyzed issue is required. When assessing the effectiveness of risk management in rail transport, one should take into account the adverse factors influencing the studied phenomenon. The main sources used to write this article were the available literature in the field of emergency management and publications on railroad transport. The conclusions have been based on the results of logical analysis, verified empirically with the use of statistical methods.

Purpose:The main scientific purpose of the article is to present the results and analyze research on the level of development of road infrastructure in Poland in 2010-2019. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research object was sixteen voivodeships in Poland. The analysis was carried out using quantitative data from 2019 available in the sources of the Central Statistical Office. The linear ordering method was used based on the taxonomic measure of development (TMR) according to Hellwig's concept, which allowed distinguishing the ranking of the development of road transport infrastructure. The main source used to write this article was the available literature on logistic infrastructure and publications on road infrastructure. Thus, they made it possible to draw conclusions. Findings: The first section presents an analysis of the foundations of the theory of transport infrastructure. The second part describes the research methodology and presents the results of the research representing the issues discussed. The analysis result is the presentation of the development of road transport infrastructure in individual voivodeships in terms of the adopted measures. Practical Implications: The article provides an analysis of the road infrastructure and the state of its surface, in Poland. Corrective actions are also presented depending on the parameters used, as well as geostatistical statements with a percentage distribution of the technical status classes of the selected paving parameters. Originality/value: As a result of the research undertaken, using the methods presented in the paper, on the one hand contributed to the enrichment of knowledge on transport infrastructure, on the other, the issues of the technical condition of road infrastructure in Poland were identified.

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The article raises the variability of the conditions forthe implementation of the construction project. Due to the factthat changing the conditions is something natural and permanent,it is worth considering its forecast. At the same time, we areinterested not so much by the forecast itself but the negative effectsof changes. To prevent them, they should be predicted andbe prepared to minimize them and even complete neutralization.And this is what the procedures methods presented by the authorsof the article is for. In their analyses, the authors based theiranalyzes on the legal grounds presented in the standard andthe Act, as well as on their own research, which resulted in thedevelopment of a proprietary risk analysis method